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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The molecular electronic device and the biochip computer: present status.
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The molecular electronic device and the biochip computer: present status.

机译：分子电子设备和生物芯片计算机：现状。

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The idea that a single molecule might function as a self-contained electronic device has been of interest for some time. However, a fully integrated version--the biochip or the biocomputer, in which both production and assembly of molecular electronic components is achieved through biotechnology-is a relatively new concept that is currently attracting attention both within the scientific community and among the general public. In the present article we draw together some of the approaches being considered for the construction of such devices and delineate the revolutionary nature of the current proposals for molecular electronic devices (MEDs) and biochip computers (BCCs). With the silicon semiconductor conductor industry already in place and in view of the continuing successes of the lithographic process it seems appropriate to ask why the highly speculative MED or BCC has engendered such interest. In some respects the answer is paradigmatic as much as it is real. It is perhaps best stated as the promise of the realm of the molecular. Thus it is envisioned that devices will be constructed by assembly of individual molecular electronic components into arrays, thereby engineering from small upward rather than large downward as do current lithographic techniques. An important corollary of the construction technique is that the functional elements of such an array would be individual molecules rather than macroscopic ensembles. These two aspects of the MED/BCC--assembly of molecular arrays and individually accessible functional molecular units--are truly revolutionary. Both require scientific breakthroughs and the necessary principles, quite apart from the technology, remain essentially unknown. It is concluded that the advent of the MED/BCC still lies well before us. The twin criteria of utilization of individual molecules as functional elements and the assembly of such elements remains as elusive as ever. Biology engineers structures on the molecular scale but biomolecules do not seem to be imbued with useful electronic properties. Molecular beam epitaxy and thin-film techniques produce electronic devices but they "engineer down" and are currently unable to generate individual molecular units. The potential of the MED/BCC field is matched only by the obstacles that must be surmounted for its realization.
机译：单个分子可以充当独立的电子设备的想法已经引起人们的兴趣了一段时间。但是，完全集成的版本（生物芯片或生物计算机，其中通过生物技术完成分子电子元件的生产和组装）是一个相对较新的概念，目前正引起科学界和公众的关注。在本文中，我们汇总了考虑用于构建此类设备的一些方法，并概述了当前针对分子电子设备（MED）和生物芯片计算机（BCC）的提案的革命性。鉴于硅半导体导体行业已经存在，并且鉴于光刻工艺的持续成功，似乎有必要提出以下问题：为什么投机性强的MED或BCC引起了这种兴趣。在某些方面，答案与实际一样，都是范式的。最好的说法是对分子领域的承诺。因此可以预见，将通过将各个分子电子组件组装成阵列来构造器件，从而像目前的光刻技术一样从小向上而不是大的向下进行工程设计。构造技术的一个重要推论是，这种阵列的功能元件将是单个分子，而不是宏观的集合体。 MED / BCC的这两个方面-分子阵列的组装和可单独访问的功能分子单元-确实是革命性的。两者都需要科学上的突破，而除了技术之外，必要的原理基本上还是未知的。结论是，MED / BCC的出现仍然摆在我们面前。利用单个分子作为功能元素以及这些元素的组装的双重标准仍然像以往一样难以捉摸。生物工程师在分子规模上进行结构设计，但生物分子似乎并未充满有用的电子特性。分子束外延和薄膜技术可以生产电子设备，但它们“工程化”，目前无法生成单个分子单元。 MED / BCC领域的潜力仅与实现它所必须克服的障碍相匹配。

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