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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Prehistoric extinction of birds on Mangaia Cook Islands Polynesia.
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Prehistoric extinction of birds on Mangaia Cook Islands Polynesia.

机译：史前鸟类在波哥大尼亚库克群岛的曼加亚的灭绝。

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摘要

Mangaia (Cook Islands) consists of a weathered volcanic interior encircled by limestones known as the makatea. Excavations at Tangatatau Rockshelter (site MAN-44), located on the inner cliff of the makatea, produced a stratified sequence of Polynesian artifacts and faunal remains ranging from A.D. 1000-1100 to A.D. 1500-1600. Resident species of birds represented at MAN-44 include nine seabirds (at least three extirpated on Mangaia) and 12 land birds (eight extirpated or extinct). Seven of the extinct/extirpated land birds are confined to the site's four lowest stratigraphic zones, which represent the first 200-300 yr of human occupation at MAN-44. During this time, human exploitation of vertebrates switched from primarily native land birds to almost exclusively small reef fish, domesticates (chickens, pigs), and commensals (rats). Sediment cores from a lake 0.9 km from MAN-44 show clear palynological and stratigraphic signals of human presence on Mangaia, especially forest clearance of the volcanic interior, beginning at 1600 yr B.P. The rugged makatea must have provided a forest refuge for birds during the first 700 yr of human presence, after which Mangaians exploited the previously little used makatea because forest resources (trees, other plants, birds) had been depleted on the now badly eroded volcanic interior. MAN-44 is the oldest archaeological site known on Mangaia. Whether other species of birds were lost in the period of human activity that preceded occupation of MAN-44 remains to be seen.
机译：曼加亚（库克群岛）由风化的火山内部构成，周围环绕着称为makatea的石灰石。在makatea内壁的Tangatatau Rockshelter（站点MAN-44）进行的挖掘产生了波利尼西亚人工制品和动物群的分层序列，其范围从公元1000-1100年到公元1500-1600年不等。在MAN-44上代表的鸟类鸟类包括九只海鸟（在Mangaia至少灭绝了三只）和十二只陆鸟（八只已灭绝或灭绝的鸟类）。灭绝/灭绝的陆鸟中有七只被限制在该地点的四个最低地层带中，这是人类在MAN-44占领的头200-300年。在此期间，人类对脊椎动物的开发从最初的本土鸟类转变为几乎完全是小礁鱼，家养（鸡，猪）和动物（鼠）。从MAN-44到0.9公里处的一个湖泊的沉积物芯显示出人类在Mangaia上存在的明确的孢粉和地层信号，特别是从公元1600年开始的火山内部的森林清除。崎m的猕猴桃一定在人类生存的前700年中为鸟类提供了避难所，此后，曼加斯人利用了以前很少使用的猕猴桃，这是因为森林资源（树木，其他植物，鸟类）在如今受到严重侵蚀的火山内部已被消耗ple尽。 MAN-44是Mangaia上最古老的考古遗址。在MAN-44被占领之前的人类活动期间是否还有其他鸟类物种丢失尚待观察。

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