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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Colloquium Paper: National policies for technical change: Where are the increasing returns to economic research?
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Colloquium Paper: National policies for technical change: Where are the increasing returns to economic research?

机译：讨论会文件：国家技术变革政策：不断增加的趋势 回到经济研究？

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摘要

Improvements over the past 30 years in statistical data, analysis, and related theory have strengthened the basis for science and technology policy by confirming the importance of technical change in national economic performance. But two important features of scientific and technological activities in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries are still not addressed adequately in mainstream economics: (i) the justification of public funding for basic research and (ii) persistent international differences in investment in research and development and related activities. In addition, one major gap is now emerging in our systems of empirical measurement—the development of software technology, especially in the service sector. There are therefore dangers of diminishing returns to the usefulness of economic research, which continues to rely completely on established theory and established statistical sources. Alternative propositions that deserve serious consideration are: (i) the economic usefulness of basic research is in the provision of (mainly tacit) skills rather than codified and applicable information; (ii) in developing and exploiting technological opportunities, institutional competencies are just as important as the incentive structures that they face; and (iii) software technology developed in traditional service sectors may now be a more important locus of technical change than software technology developed in “high-tech” manufacturing.
机译：过去30年中，统计数据，分析和相关理论的改进通过确认技术变革对国民经济绩效的重要性，加强了科学技术政策的基础。但是，经济合作与发展组织国家的科学技术活动的两个重要特征在主流经济学中仍未得到充分解决：（i）为基础研究提供公共资金的正当理由；（ii）研究投资的持续国际差异和开发和相关活动。此外，我们的经验评估系统中出现了一个重大缺口，即软件技术的发展，特别是在服务领域。因此，存在经济研究有用性收益递减的危险，因为经济研究继续完全依赖于既定的理论和既定的统计来源。值得认真考虑的替代方案是：（i）基础研究的经济实用性在于（主要是默认的）提供 技能，而不是经过整理和适用的信息； （ii）开发和利用技术 机会，机构能力与 他们面对的激励机制；和（iii）软件 传统服务领域开发的技术现在可能会更加 技术变革的重点比开发的软件技术重要 在“高科技”制造业中。

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