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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Scale dependence in earthquake phenomena and its relevance to earthquake prediction.
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Scale dependence in earthquake phenomena and its relevance to earthquake prediction.

机译：地震现象的尺度相关性及其与地震预测的关系。

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摘要

The recent discovery of a low-velocity, low-Q zone with a width of 50-200 m reaching to the top of the ductile part of the crust, by observations on seismic guided waves trapped in the fault zone of the Landers earthquake of 1992, and its identification with the shear zone inferred from the distribution of tension cracks observed on the surface support the existence of a characteristic scale length of the order of 100 m affecting various earthquake phenomena in southern California, as evidenced earlier by the kink in the magnitude-frequency relation at about M3, the constant corner frequency for earthquakes with M below about 3, and the sourcecontrolled fmax of 5-10 Hz for major earthquakes. The temporal correlation between coda Q-1 and the fractional rate of occurrence of earthquakes in the magnitude range 3-3.5, the geographical similarity of coda Q-1 and seismic velocity at a depth of 20 km, and the simultaneous change of coda Q-1 and conductivity at the lower crust support the hypotheses that coda Q-1 may represent the activity of creep fracture in the ductile part of the lithosphere occurring over cracks with a characteristic size of the order of 100 m. The existence of such a characteristic scale length cannot be consistent with the overall self-similarity of earthquakes unless we postulate a discrete hierarchy of such characteristic scale lengths. The discrete hierarchy of characteristic scale lengths is consistent with recently observed logarithmic periodicity in precursory seismicity.
机译：通过观察1992年Landers地震断层带中捕获的地震导波，最近发现了一个低速，低Q区，其宽度达到50-200 m，到达地壳的延性部分的顶部。 ，并根据从表面上观察到的张力裂缝的分布推断出的剪切带进行识别，这表明存在影响南部加利福尼亚各种地震现象的特征尺度长度为100 m的量级，这在较早时候通过扭结的大小得到了证明。在大约M3处的频率关系，对于M大约在3以下的地震的恒定转折频率以及对于大地震的源控制的fmax为5-10 Hz。尾迹Q-1与3-3.5震级范围内的地震发生率之间的时间相关性，尾迹Q-1的地理相似性和20 km深度处的地震速度以及尾迹Q-同时变化图1和下部地壳的电导率支持以下假设：尾气Q-1可能代表岩石圈延性部分中发生在特征尺寸为100 m左右的裂缝上的蠕变断裂活动。这样的特征尺度长度的存在不能与地震的整体自相似性相一致，除非我们假设这种特征尺度长度的离散层次。特征尺度长度的离散层次与前驱地震活动中最近观察到的对数周期性一致。

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