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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Reversing introduced species effects: Experimental removal of introduced fish leads to rapid recovery of a declining frog
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Reversing introduced species effects: Experimental removal of introduced fish leads to rapid recovery of a declining frog

机译：逆转引进物种的影响：实验性去除引进鱼类可迅速恢复下降的青蛙

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摘要

Amphibian population declines and extinctions are occurring even in the world's least impacted areas. The introduction and spread of nonnative predators is one of many proposed causes of amphibian declines. Correlational studies have shown a negative relationship between introduced fishes and declining amphibians, but little direct experimental evidence is available. This study experimentally manipulated the presence and absence of widely introduced salmonids rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to test the hypothesis that their introduction has contributed to the decline of the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa). From 1996 to 2003, the introduced trout were removed from 5 lakes in a remote protected area of the Sierra Nevada, and 16 nearby lakes were used as controls, 8 with introduced trout and 8 without. To determine the vulnerable life stage, rainbow trout were placed in cages in three lakes containing amphibians. Removal of introduced trout resulted in rapid recovery of frog populations, and, in the caging experiment, tadpoles were found to be vulnerable to trout predation. Together, these experiments illustrate that introduced trout are effective predators on R. muscosa tadpoles and suggest (i) that the introduction of trout is the most likely mechanism responsible for the decline of this mountain frog and (ii) that these negative effects can be reversed.
机译：即使在世界上受影响最小的地区，两栖动物的数量也在减少，而且正在灭绝。外来掠食者的引入和传播是两栖动物衰落的许多提议原因之一。相关研究表明，引进的鱼类与两栖动物数量下降之间存在负相关关系，但几乎没有直接的实验证据。这项研究实验性地操纵了广泛引入的鲑鱼虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）和溪鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis）的存在和不存在，以检验以下假设：它们的引入导致了黄脚青蛙（Rana muscosa）的衰落。从1996年到2003年，引进的鳟鱼从内华达山脉一个偏远保护区的5个湖泊中移出，附近的16个湖泊被用作对照，引入鳟​​鱼的有8个，没有鳟鱼的8个。为了确定脆弱的生命阶段，将虹鳟鱼放在三个含有两栖动物的湖泊的笼子里。去除引入的鳟鱼可迅速恢复青蛙种群，在笼养实验中，发现t容易受到鳟鱼的捕食。总之，这些实验表明，引入的鳟鱼是粘液R的有效捕食者，并建议（i）引入鳟鱼是造成这种山蛙衰落的最可能机制，并且（ii）这些负面影响可以逆转。

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