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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments on the Pacific Ocean Margin
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Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments on the Pacific Ocean Margin

机译：太平洋边缘含甲烷水合物的深海沉积物中微生物的生物地理分布和多样性

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The deep subseafloor biosphere is among the least-understood habitats on Earth, even though the huge microbial biomass therein plays an important role for potential long-term controls on global biogeochemical cycles. We report here the vertical and geographical distribution of microbes and their phylogenetic diversities in deeply buried marine sediments of the Pacific Ocean Margins. During the Ocean Drilling Program Legs 201 and 204, we obtained sediment cores from the Peru and Cascadia Margins that varied with respect to the presence of dissolved methane and methane hydrate. To examine differences in prokaryotic distribution patterns in sediments with or without methane hydrates, we studied >2,800 clones possessing partial sequences (400–500 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene and 348 representative clone sequences (≈1 kbp) from the two geographically separated subseafloor environments. Archaea of the uncultivated Deep-Sea Archaeal Group were consistently the dominant phylotype in sediments associated with methane hydrate. Sediment cores lacking methane hydrates displayed few or no Deep-Sea Archaeal Group phylotypes. Bacterial communities in the methane hydrate-bearing sediments were dominated by members of the JS1 group, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. Results from cluster and principal component analyses, which include previously reported data from the West and East Pacific Margins, suggest that, for these locations in the Pacific Ocean, prokaryotic communities from methane hydrate-bearing sediment cores are distinct from those in hydrate-free cores. The recognition of which microbial groups prevail under distinctive subseafloor environments is a significant step toward determining the role these communities play in Earth’s essential biogeochemical processes.
机译：尽管其中巨大的微生物生物量对于潜在的长期控制全球生物地球化学循环起着重要作用，但深层的海底生物圈是地球上鲜为人知的栖息地之一。我们在这里报告了太平洋边缘深层海洋沉积物中微生物的垂直和地理分布及其系统发育多样性。在《海洋钻探计划》第201和204条中，我们从秘鲁和卡斯卡迪亚边缘获得了沉积岩心，这些岩心因存在的溶解甲烷和甲烷水合物而有所不同。为了检查有无甲烷水合物的沉积物中原核生物分布模式的差异，我们研究了来自两个地理上分开的海底的> 2,800个克隆，这些克隆具有16S rRNA基因的部分序列（400-500 bp）和348个代表性克隆序列（≈1kbp）环境。未经培养的深海古细菌群的古细菌一直是甲烷水合物相关沉积物中的主要系统型。缺乏甲烷水合物的沉积物岩心显示很少或没有深海古细菌群系统型。含甲烷水合物的沉积物中的细菌群落主要由JS1组，Planctomycetes和Chloroflexi组成。聚类分析和主成分分析的结果（包括先前报道的西太平洋和东太平洋边缘的数据）表明，对于太平洋上的这些位置，含甲烷水合物沉积岩心的原核生物群落与无水合物岩心的原核生物群落不同。 。认识到哪些微生物族群在独特的海底环境下占主导地位，是朝着确定这些微生物群落在地球重要的生物地球化学过程中扮演的角色迈出的重要一步。

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