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Tipping Elements in Earth Systems Special Feature: On the stability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

机译:地球系统中的引爆元素特色:论大西洋经向翻转环流的稳定性

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摘要

One of the most important large-scale ocean current systems for Earth's climate is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here we review its stability properties and present new model simulations to study the AMOC's hysteresis response to freshwater perturbations. We employ seven different versions of an Ocean General Circulation Model by using a highly accurate tracer advection scheme, which minimizes the problem of numerical diffusion. We find that a characteristic freshwater hysteresis also exists in the predominantly wind-driven, low-diffusion limit of the AMOC. However, the shape of the hysteresis changes, indicating that a convective instability rather than the advective Stommel feedback plays a dominant role. We show that model errors in the mean climate can make the hysteresis disappear, and we investigate how model innovations over the past two decades, like new parameterizations and mixing schemes, affect the AMOC stability. Finally, we discuss evidence that current climate models systematically overestimate the stability of the AMOC.
机译:对于地球气候而言,最重要的大规模洋流系统之一是大西洋经向翻转环流(AMOC)。在这里,我们回顾了其稳定性,并提出了新的模型模拟来研究AMOC对淡水扰动的滞后响应。通过使用高度精确的示踪剂对流方案,我们采用了七个不同版本的海洋一般环流模型,这使数值扩散的问题最小化。我们发现,AMOC的主要风驱动,低扩散极限中也存在特征性的淡水滞后现象。但是,磁滞的形状会发生变化,这表明对流不稳定性而不是对流Stommel反馈起主要作用。我们证明了平均气候中的模型误差会使滞后现象消失,并且我们研究了过去二十年中的模型创新(例如新的参数化和混合方案)如何影响AMOC的稳定性。最后,我们讨论了当前气候模型有系统地高估AMOC稳定性的证据。

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