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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Segregating the core computational faculty of human language from working memory
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Segregating the core computational faculty of human language from working memory

机译：将人类语言的核心计算能力与工作记忆区分开来

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In contrast to simple structures in animal vocal behavior, hierarchical structures such as center-embedded sentences manifest the core computational faculty of human language. Previous artificial grammar learning studies found that the left pars opercularis (LPO) subserves the processing of hierarchical structures. However, it is not clear whether this area is activated by the structural complexity per se or by the increased memory load entailed in processing hierarchical structures. To dissociate the effect of structural complexity from the effect of memory cost, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of German sentence processing with a 2-way factorial design tapping structural complexity (with/without hierarchical structure, i.e., center-embedding of clauses) and working memory load (long/short distance between syntactically dependent elements; i.e., subject nouns and their respective verbs). Functional imaging data revealed that the processes for structure and memory operate separately but co-operatively in the left inferior frontal gyrus; activities in the LPO increased as a function of structural complexity, whereas activities in the left inferior frontal sulcus (LIFS) were modulated by the distance over which the syntactic information had to be transferred. Diffusion tensor imaging showed that these 2 regions were interconnected through white matter fibers. Moreover, functional coupling between the 2 regions was found to increase during the processing of complex, hierarchically structured sentences. These results suggest a neuroanatomical segregation of syntax-related aspects represented in the LPO from memory-related aspects reflected in the LIFS, which are, however, highly interconnected functionally and anatomically.
机译：与动物发声行为的简单结构相反，诸如中心嵌入句子之类的层次结构体现了人类语言的核心计算能力。先前的人工语法学习研究发现，左手舌部（LPO）保留了层次结构的处理功能。但是，尚不清楚该区域是由结构复杂性本身激活还是由处理分层结构引起的内存增加激活。为了将结构复杂性的影响与存储成本的影响分离开来，我们对德国句子处理进行了功能磁共振成像研究，并采用了两向析因设计来挖掘结构复杂性（有/无层次结构，即子句的中心嵌入） ）和工作记忆负荷（句法相关元素之间的长/短距离；即主题名词及其各自的动词）。功能成像数据显示，结构和记忆过程分别在左下额回中协同运行。 LPO中的活动随着结构复杂性的增加而增加，而左下额沟（LIFS）中的活动受到必须传送语法信息的距离的调节。扩散张量成像显示这两个区域通过白质纤维相互连接。此外，发现在处理复杂的，层次结构化的句子期间，两个区域之间的功能耦合增加。这些结果表明，LPO中与语法相关的方面与LIFS中反映的与记忆相关的方面在神经解剖学上是分离的，但是LIFS在功能和解剖上是高度互连的。

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