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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Relationship of farm salmon sea lice and wild salmon populations
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Relationship of farm salmon sea lice and wild salmon populations

机译：养殖鲑鱼海虱和野生鲑鱼种群的关系

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Increased farm salmon production has heightened concerns about the association between disease on farm and wild fish. The controversy is particularly evident in the Broughton Archipelago of Western Canada, where a high prevalence of sea lice (ectoparasitic copepods) was first reported on juvenile wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in 2001. Exposure to sea lice from farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was thought to be the cause of the 97% population decline before these fish returned to spawn in 2002, although no diagnostic investigation was done to rule out other causes of mortality. To address the concern that sea lice from fish farms would cause population extinction of wild salmon, we analyzed 10–20 y of fish farm data and 60 y of pink salmon data. We show that the number of pink salmon returning to spawn in the fall predicts the number of female sea lice on farm fish the next spring, which, in turn, accounts for 98% of the annual variability in the prevalence of sea lice on outmigrating wild juvenile salmon. However, productivity of wild salmon is not negatively associated with either farm lice numbers or farm fish production, and all published field and laboratory data support the conclusion that something other than sea lice caused the population decline in 2002. We conclude that separating farm salmon from wild salmon—proposed through coordinated fallowing or closed containment—will not increase wild salmon productivity and that medical analysis can improve our understanding of complex issues related to aquaculture sustainability.
机译：养殖鲑鱼产量的增加使人们更加担心养殖场疾病与野生鱼类之间的关系。该争议在加拿大西部的布劳顿群岛尤为明显，该地区于2001年首次报道了少年野生粉红鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha）的海虱盛行。养殖大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）暴露于海虱中尽管没有进行诊断性调查以排除其他致死原因，但据认为是2002年这些鱼恢复产卵前种群下降97％的原因。为了解决来自养鱼场的海虱会导致野生鲑鱼种群灭绝的担忧，我们分析了10-20年的养鱼场数据和60年的粉红鲑鱼数据。我们显示，秋天将恢复产卵的粉红鲑鱼的数量预测了明年春季农场鱼上雌性海虱的数量，这反过来占野生迁徙海虱患病率年度变化的98％少年鲑鱼。但是，野生鲑鱼的生产力与养殖虱子的数量或养殖鱼类的产量均无负相关，所有公开的田间和实验室数据都支持以下结论：除海虱以外，还有其他因素导致2002年的种群减少。通过协调休养或封闭收容所提出的野生鲑鱼将不会提高野生鲑鱼的生产力，医学分析可以增进我们对与水产养殖业可持续性有关的复杂问题的理解。

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