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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Climate Mitigation and Food Production in Tropical Landscapes Special Feature: Identifying potential synergies and trade-offs for meeting food security and climate change objectives in sub-Saharan Africa
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Climate Mitigation and Food Production in Tropical Landscapes Special Feature: Identifying potential synergies and trade-offs for meeting food security and climate change objectives in sub-Saharan Africa

机译：热带景观中的气候减缓和粮食生产专题：确定实现撒哈拉以南非洲粮食安全和气候变化目标的潜在协同作用和取舍

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Potential interactions between food production and climate mitigation are explored for two situations in sub-Saharan Africa, where deforestation and land degradation overlap with hunger and poverty. Three agriculture intensification scenarios for supplying nitrogen to increase crop production (mineral fertilizer, herbaceous legume cover crops—green manures—and agroforestry—legume improved tree fallows) are compared to baseline food production, land requirements to meet basic caloric requirements, and greenhouse gas emissions. At low population densities and high land availability, food security and climate mitigation goals are met with all intensification scenarios, resulting in surplus crop area for reforestation. In contrast, for high population density and small farm sizes, attaining food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions require mineral fertilizers to make land available for reforestation; green manure or improved tree fallows do not provide sufficient increases in yields to permit reforestation. Tree fallows sequester significant carbon on cropland, but green manures result in net carbon dioxide equivalent emissions because of nitrogen additions. Although these results are encouraging, agricultural intensification in sub-Saharan Africa with mineral fertilizers, green manures, or improved tree fallows will remain low without policies that address access, costs, and lack of incentives. Carbon financing for small-holder agriculture could increase the likelihood of success of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries programs and climate change mitigation but also promote food security in the region.
机译：在撒哈拉以南非洲的两种情况下，探索了粮食生产与减缓气候变化之间的潜在相互作用，在这两种情况下，森林砍伐和土地退化与饥饿和贫困重叠。将提供氮以增加作物产量的三种农业集约化情景（矿物肥料，草本豆科农作物-绿色肥料-和农林业-改良豆类休耕地）与基准粮食产量，满足基本热量需求的土地需求以及温室气体排放进行了比较。在低人口密度和高土地可利用性的情况下，所有集约化方案都可以实现粮食安全和缓解气候变化的目标，从而造成了可供重新造林的多余作物面积。相反，对于高人口密度和小农场规模而言，要实现粮食安全并减少温室气体排放，就需要使用矿物肥料来使土地可供重新造林；绿肥或改良的休耕地不能提供足够的增产以允许重新造林。休耕地固着农田中的大量碳，但绿肥由于添加氮而导致净二氧化碳当量排放。尽管这些结果令人鼓舞，但如果没有解决获取，成本和缺乏激励措施的政策，撒哈拉以南非洲地区使用矿物肥料，绿肥或改良的林木的集约化农业的集约化程度仍然很低。小农农业的碳融资可以增加成功减少发展中国家计划中的森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放以及减轻气候变化的可能性，但也可以促进该地区的粮食安全。

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