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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Marine Reserves Special Feature: Incorporating biogeography into evaluations of the Channel Islands marine reserve network
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Marine Reserves Special Feature: Incorporating biogeography into evaluations of the Channel Islands marine reserve network

机译：海洋保护区特色：将生物地理学纳入海峡群岛海洋保护区网络的评估中

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摘要

Networks of marine reserves are increasingly a major component of many ecosystem-based management plans designed to conserve biodiversity, protect the structure and function of ecosystems, and rebuild and sustain fisheries. There is a growing need for scientific guidance in the design of network-wide monitoring programs to evaluate the efficacy of reserves at meeting their conservation and management goals. Here, we present an evaluation of the Channel Islands reserve network, which was established in 2003 off the coast of southern California. This reserve network spans a major environmental and biogeographic gradient, making it a challenge to assess network-wide responses of many species. Using fish community structure data from a long-term, large-scale monitoring program, we first identified persistent geographic patterns of community structure and the scale at which sites should be grouped for analysis. Fish communities differed most among islands with densities of individual species varying from 3- to 250-fold. Habitat structure differed among islands but not based on reserve status. Across the network, we found that, after 5 years, species targeted by fishing had higher densities (1.5×) and biomass (1.8×) inside reserves, whereas nontargeted species showed no significant differences. Examining trophic groups, piscivore and carnivore biomass was significantly greater inside reserves (1.8× and 1.3× more, respectively), whereas the biomass of planktivores and herbivores was similar inside and out. A framework for incorporating biogeographic variation into reserve network assessments is critical as we move from the evaluation of single reserves to networks of reserves.
机译：海洋保护区网络日益成为许多基于生态系统的管理计划的主要组成部分，这些计划旨在保护生物多样性，保护生态系统的结构和功能，以及重建和维持渔业。在设计网络范围的监视程序时，越来越需要科学指导来评估保护区在实现其保护和管理目标方面的效力。在这里，我们对海峡群岛保护区网络进行了评估，该网络于2003年在加利福尼亚南部海岸附近建立。该保护区网络跨越了主要的环境和生物地理梯度，这使得评估许多物种的全网响应成为一项挑战。我们使用长期，大规模的监测计划中的鱼类群落结构数据，首先确定了群落结构的持续地理格局以及应该分组进行分析的规模。岛屿之间的鱼类群落差异最大，单个物种的密度为3至250倍不等。岛屿之间的生境结构不同，但不是基于保护区地位。在整个网络中，我们发现，捕捞目标物种在5年后的储藏区内密度更高（1.5倍），生物量（1.8倍），而非目标物种则没有显着差异。检查营养类群，食肉动物和食肉动物的生物量在内部储量中要大得多（分别为1.8倍和1.3倍），而浮游动物和食草动物的生物量内外相似。随着我们从单一储量评估转向储量网络，将生物地理变异纳入储量网络评估的框架至关重要。

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