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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Effects of the USA PATRIOT Act and the 2002 Bioterrorism Preparedness Act on select agent research in the United States
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Effects of the USA PATRIOT Act and the 2002 Bioterrorism Preparedness Act on select agent research in the United States

机译：美国爱国者法案和2002年生物恐怖主义防范法案对美国某些特工研究的影响

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摘要

A bibliometric analysis of the Bacillus anthracis and Ebola virus archival literature was conducted to determine whether negative consequences of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism” (USA PATRIOT) Act and the 2002 Bioterrorism Preparedness Act on US select agent research could be discerned. Indicators of the health of the field, such as number of papers published per year, number of researchers authoring papers, and influx rate of new authors, indicated an overall stimulus to the field after 2002. As measured by interorganizational coauthorships, both B. anthracis and Ebola virus research networks expanded after 2002 in terms of the number of organizations and the degree of collaboration. Coauthorship between US and non US scientists also grew for Ebola virus but contracted for the subset of B. anthracis research that did not involve possession of viable, virulent bacteria. Some non-US institutions were dropped, and collaborations with others intensified. Contrary to expectations, research did not become centralized around a few gatekeeper institutions. Two negative effects were detected. There was an increased turnover rate of authors in the select agent community that was not observed in the control organism (Klebsiella pneumoniae) research community. However, the most striking effect observed was not associated with individual authors or institutions; it was a loss of efficiency, with an approximate 2- to 5-fold increase in the cost of doing select agent research as measured by the number of research papers published per millions of US research dollars awarded.
机译：对炭疽芽孢杆菌和埃博拉病毒档案文献进行了文献计量分析，以确定是否通过提供适当的拦截和阻止恐怖主义所需的工具（美国爱国者）和2002年针对美国选择的2002年《生物恐怖主义防范法》，来统一和加强美国的负面后果。代理商研究可以看出。该领域的健康指标，例如每年发表的论文数量，研究人员的论文发表数量以及新作者的涌入率，表明该领域在2002年之后对该领域产生了总体刺激作用。按组织间共同撰写的标准，这两种炭疽杆菌在组织数量和合作程度方面，埃博拉病毒研究网络在2002年之后得到了扩展。美国和非美国科学家之间的共同作者也增加了埃博拉病毒的感染，但合同中涉及的炭疽芽孢杆菌研究的子集并不涉及拥有活的，有毒力的细菌。一些非美国的机构被放弃了，与其他机构的合作也得到了加强。与期望相反，研究并没有集中在一些看门人机构周围。检测到两个负面影响。在选择代理社区中，作者的离职率增加了，而在对照生物（肺炎克雷伯菌）研究社区中却没有发现。但是，观察到的最显着的效果与个人作者或机构无关。这是效率的损失，选择代理人研究的成本大约增加2至5倍，以每百万美元获得的研究论文发表的研究论文数量来衡量。

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