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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Evidence of neutron leakage at the Fukushima nuclear plant from measurements of radioactive 35S in California
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Evidence of neutron leakage at the Fukushima nuclear plant from measurements of radioactive 35S in California

机译：根据加利福尼亚州放射性35S的测量福岛核电站中子泄漏的证据

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摘要

A recent earthquake and the subsequent tsunami have extensively damaged the Fukushima nuclear power plant, releasing harmful radiation into the environment. Despite the obvious implication for human health and the surrounding ecology, there are no quantitative estimates of the neutron flux leakage during the weeks following the earthquake. Here, using measurements of radioactive 35S contained in sulfate aerosols and SO2 gas at a coastal site in La Jolla, California, we show that nearly 4 × 1011 neutrons per m2 leaked at the Fukushima nuclear power plant before March 20, 2011. A significantly higher activity as measured on March 28 is in accord with neutrons escaping the reactor core and being absorbed by the coolant seawater 35Cl to produce 35S by a (n, p) reaction. Once produced, 35S oxidizes to and and was then transported to Southern California due to the presence of strong prevailing westerly winds at this time. Based on a moving box model, we show that the observed activity enhancement in is compatible with long-range transport of the radiation plume from Fukushima. Our model predicts that , the concentration in the marine boundary layer at Fukushima, was approximately 2 × 105 atoms per m3, which is approximately 365 times above expected natural concentrations. These measurements and model calculations imply that approximately 0.7% of the total radioactive sulfate present at the marine boundary layer at Fukushima reached Southern California as a result of the trans-Pacific transport.
机译：最近的地震和随后的海啸已严重破坏了福岛核电站，向环境释放了有害辐射。尽管对人类健康和周围的生态有着明显的影响，但是在地震发生后的几周内，尚无关于中子通量泄漏的定量估计。在这里，通过使用加利福尼亚州拉霍亚沿海地区的硫酸盐气溶胶和SO2气体中所含的放射性 35 S进行测量，我们发现每米近4×10 11 个中子 2 在2011年3月20日前在福岛核电站泄漏。3月28日测得的活度明显更高，这是由于中子逸出反应堆堆芯并被冷却液海水吸收了 35 Cl通过（n，p）反应生成 35 S。产生后， 35 S氧化成，然后由于当时强盛的西风而被运送到南加州。基于移动框模型，我们显示观察到的活动增强与来自福岛的辐射羽流的远程运输兼容。我们的模型预测，福岛海洋边界层中的浓度约为每m 3 2×10 5 个原子，约为预期自然浓度的365倍。这些测量和模型计算表明，由于跨太平洋运输，福岛海洋边界层存在的总放射性硫酸盐中约有0.7％到达了南加州。

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