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Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Traps Special Feature: Land-use poverty traps identified in shifting cultivation systems shape long-term tropical forest cover

机译:生物多样性保护和贫困陷阱专题:在轮换耕作系统中发现的土地利用贫困陷阱塑造了长期热带森林覆盖率

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摘要

In this article we illustrate how fine-grained longitudinal analyses of land holding and land use among forest peasant households in an Amazonian village can enrich our understanding of the poverty/land cover nexus. We examine the dynamic links in shifting cultivation systems among asset poverty, land use, and land cover in a community where poverty is persistent and primary forests have been replaced over time—with community enclosure—by secondary forests (i.e., fallows), orchards, and crop land. Land cover change is assessed using aerial photographs/satellite imagery from 1965 to 2007. Household and plot level data are used to track land holding, portfolios, and use as well as land cover over the past 30 y, with particular attention to forest status (type and age). Our analyses find evidence for two important types of “land-use” poverty traps—a “subsistence crop” trap and a “short fallow” trap—and indicate that the initial conditions of land holding by forest peasants have long-term effects on future forest cover and household welfare. These findings suggest a new mechanism driving poverty traps: insufficient initial land holdings induce land use patterns that trap households in low agricultural productivity. Path dependency in the evolution of household land portfolios and land use strategies strongly influences not only the wellbeing of forest people but also the dynamics of tropical deforestation and secondary forest regrowth.
机译:在本文中,我们说明了如何对亚马逊村庄的林农家庭之间的土地持有和土地使用进行细粒度的纵向分析,可以丰富我们对贫困/土地覆盖关系的理解。我们研究了在贫困持续存在的社区中,随着资产贫乏,土地使用和土地覆盖的转移,耕作制度之间的动态联系;随着时间的流逝,原始森林被社区包围所取代,而次生森林(即休耕地),果园,和耕地。土地覆被的变化是使用1965年至2007年的航拍照片/卫星图像评估的。住户和地块水平数据用于跟踪过去30年的土地持有量,资产组合和用途以及土地覆被,尤其要注意森林状况(类型和年龄)。我们的分析发现了两种重要的“土地利用”贫困陷阱的证据,即“自给农作物”陷阱和“短暂休耕”陷阱,并表明林农拥有土地的初始条件对未来有长期影响。森林覆盖和家庭福利。这些发现表明,有一种新的机制可以驱使贫困陷阱:最初的土地持有不足会导致土地使用方式陷入困境,从而使家庭陷入农业生产率低下的困境。家庭土地资产和土地利用策略演变中的路径依赖关系不仅强烈影响森林人的福祉,而且还强烈影响热带森林砍伐和次生森林再生的动态。

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