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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Six-rowed spike4 (Vrs4) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley
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Six-rowed spike4 (Vrs4) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley

机译：六行穗4（Vrs4）控制大麦中小穗的确定性和行型

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摘要

Inflorescence architecture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is common among the Triticeae species, which bear one to three single-flowered spikelets at each rachis internode. Triple spikelet meristem is one of the unique features of barley spikes, in which three spikelets (one central and two lateral spikelets) are produced at each rachis internode. Fertility of the lateral spikelets at triple spikelet meristem gives row-type identity to barley spikes. Six-rowed spikes show fertile lateral spikelets and produce increased grain yield per spike, compared with two-rowed spikes with sterile lateral spikelets. Thus, far, two loci governing the row-type phenotype were isolated in barley that include Six-rowed spike1 (Vrs1) and Intermedium-C. In the present study, we isolated Six-rowed spike4 (Vrs4), a barley ortholog of the maize (Zea mays L.) inflorescence architecture gene RAMOSA2 (RA2). Eighteen coding mutations in barley RA2 (HvRA2) were specifically associated with lateral spikelet fertility and loss of spikelet determinacy. Expression analyses through mRNA in situ hybridization and microarray showed that Vrs4 (HvRA2) controls the row-type pathway through Vrs1 (HvHox1), a negative regulator of lateral spikelet fertility in barley. Moreover, Vrs4 may also regulate transcripts of barley SISTER OF RAMOSA3 (HvSRA), a putative trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase involved in trehalose-6-phosphate homeostasis implicated to control spikelet determinacy. Our expression data illustrated that, although RA2 is conserved among different grass species, its down-stream target genes appear to be modified in barley and possibly other species of tribe Triticeae.
机译：大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）的花序结构在黑麦属植物中很常见，在每个Rachis节间都带有一到三个单花小穗。三重小穗分生组织是大麦穗的独特特征之一，其中每个穗轴节间产生三个小穗（一个中央小穗和两个侧面小穗）。在三个小穗分生组织处，侧生小穗的肥力使大麦穗成行型。六行穗状花序显示出肥沃的侧生小穗，与带有无菌侧生小穗的两行穗状花序相比，每穗产生的谷物产量增加。因此，到目前为止，在大麦中分离出了两个控制行型表型的基因座，包括六行spik1（Vrs1）和Intermedium-C。在本研究中，我们分离了六行穗4（Vrs4），这是玉米（Zea mays L.）大麦直系同源的花序结构基因RAMOSA2（RA2）。大麦RA2（HvRA2）中的18个编码突变与外侧小穗繁殖力和小穗确定性的丧失特别相关。通过mRNA原位杂交和微阵列的表达分析表明，Vrs4（HvRA2）通过大麦小穗侧生能力的负调节剂Vrs1（HvHox1）控制行型途径。此外，Vrs4可能还调节大麦 SISTER OF RAMOSA3 （ HvSRA ）的转录本，这是一种假定的海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶，参与海藻糖-6-磷酸稳态，与控制小穗有关。确定性。我们的表达数据表明，尽管RA2在不同草种之间是保守的，但其下游靶基因似乎在大麦和其他黑麦部落物种中得到了修饰。

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