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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Identifying host species driving transmission of schistosomiasis japonica a multihost parasite system in China
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Identifying host species driving transmission of schistosomiasis japonica a multihost parasite system in China

机译：在中国确定驱动日本血吸虫病多宿主寄生虫系统传播的宿主物种

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摘要

Understanding disease transmission dynamics in multihost parasite systems is a research priority for control and potential elimination of many infectious diseases. In China, despite decades of multifaceted control efforts against schistosomiasis, the indirectly transmitted helminth Schistosoma japonicum remains endemic, partly because of the presence of zoonotic reservoirs. We used mathematical modeling and conceptual frameworks of multihost transmission ecology to assess the relative importance of various definitive host species for S. japonicum transmission in contrasting hilly and marshland areas of China. We examine whether directing control interventions against zoonotic reservoirs could further reduce incidence of infection in humans or even eliminate transmission. Results suggest that, under current control programs, infections in humans result from spillover of transmission among zoonotic reservoirs. Estimates of the basic reproduction number within each species suggest that bovines (water buffalo and cattle) maintained transmission in the marshland area and that the recent removal of bovines from this area could achieve local elimination of transmission. However, the sole use of antifecundity S. japonicum vaccines for bovines, at least at current efficacies, may not achieve elimination in areas of comparable endemicity where removal of bovines is not a feasible option. The results also suggest that rodents drive transmission in the hilly area. Therefore, although targeting bovines could further reduce and potentially interrupt transmission in marshland regions of China, elimination of S. japonicum could prove more challenging in areas where rodents might maintain transmission. In conclusion, we show how mathematical modeling can give important insights into multihost transmission of indirectly transmitted pathogens.
机译：了解多宿主寄生虫系统中的疾病传播动态是控制和潜在消除许多传染病的研究重点。在中国，尽管数十年来对血吸虫病进行了多方面的控制，但间接传播的蠕虫日本血吸虫仍是地方病，部分原因是存在人畜共患病的水库。我们使用了多宿主传播生态学的数学模型和概念框架来评估在中国丘陵和沼泽地区形成对比的各种确定性宿主物种对于日本血吸虫传播的相对重要性。我们研究了针对人畜共患病的水库采取直接控制干预措施是否可以进一步降低人类感染的发生率，甚至消除传播。结果表明，在当前的控制计划下，人畜共患病是由于人畜共患病的水库之间的传播扩散所致。对每个物种内基本繁殖数量的估计表明，牛（水牛和牛）在沼泽地地区保持了传播，最近从该地区清除牛可以实现局部消除传播。但是，至少在目前的效果下，仅将抗生殖力的日本血吸虫疫苗用于牛，可能无法在相当流行的地区消除牛，这是不可行的选择。结果还表明，啮齿动物驱动丘陵地区的传播。因此，尽管以牛为靶标可以进一步减少并有可能中断中国沼泽地区的传播，但是在啮齿动物可能维持传播的地区，消灭日本血吸虫可能更具挑战性。总之，我们展示了数学建模如何能够为间接传播病原体的多宿主传播提供重要见解。

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