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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Achieving the triple bottom line in the face of inherent trade-offs among social equity economic return and conservation
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Achieving the triple bottom line in the face of inherent trade-offs among social equity economic return and conservation

机译：面对社会公平经济回报和保护之间的内在取舍实现三重底线

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Triple–bottom-line outcomes from resource management and conservation, where conservation goals and equity in social outcomes are maximized while overall costs are minimized, remain a highly sought-after ideal. However, despite widespread recognition of the importance that equitable distribution of benefits or costs across society can play in conservation success, little formal theory exists for how to explicitly incorporate equity into conservation planning and prioritization. Here, we develop that theory and implement it for three very different case studies in California (United States), Raja Ampat (Indonesia), and the wider Coral Triangle region (Southeast Asia). We show that equity tends to trade off nonlinearly with the potential to achieve conservation objectives, such that similar conservation outcomes can be possible with greater equity, to a point. However, these case studies also produce a range of trade-off typologies between equity and conservation, depending on how one defines and measures social equity, including direct (linear) and no trade-off. Important gaps remain in our understanding, most notably how equity influences probability of conservation success, in turn affecting the actual ability to achieve conservation objectives. Results here provide an important foundation for moving the science and practice of conservation planning—and broader spatial planning in general—toward more consistently achieving efficient, equitable, and effective outcomes.
机译：资源管理和保护的三重底线结果仍然是人们极力追求的理想，在这些目标中，保护目标和社会成果的公平性最大化，而总成本最小化。然而，尽管人们普遍认识到，在整个社会中公平分配利益或成本对于保护成功至关重要，但是，关于如何将公平明确地纳入保护规划和优先次序的正式理论很少。在这里，我们发展了该理论并将其用于三个非常不同的案例研究，分别在加利福尼亚州（美国），拉贾·安帕特（印度尼西亚）和更广泛的珊瑚三角地区（东南亚）进行。我们表明，公平倾向于以实现保护目标的潜力进行非线性权衡，以至于在更大程度上可以实现类似的保护结果。但是，这些案例研究还会在公平与保护之间产生一系列权衡类型，这取决于人们如何定义和衡量社会公平，包括直接（线性）和无权衡。在我们的理解中，仍然存在重要的差距，最明显的是公平如何影响保护成功的可能性，进而影响实现保护目标的实际能力。此处的结果为推动保护规划的科学和实践以及更广泛的总体空间规划朝着更一致地获得有效，公平和有效的结果提供了重要的基础。

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