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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Marine bacteria exhibit a bipolar distribution
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Marine bacteria exhibit a bipolar distribution

机译：海洋细菌呈现双极性分布

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The microbial cosmopolitan dispersion hypothesis often invoked to explain distribution patterns driven by high connectivity of oceanographic water masses and widespread dispersal ability has never been rigorously tested. By using a global marine bacterial dataset and iterative matrix randomization simulation, we show that marine bacteria exhibit a significantly greater dispersal limitation than predicted by our null model using the “everything is everywhere” tenet with no dispersal limitation scenario. Specifically, marine bacteria displayed bipolar distributions (i.e., species occurring exclusively at both poles and nowhere else) significantly less often than in the null model. Furthermore, we observed fewer taxa present in both hemispheres but more taxa present only in a single hemisphere than expected under the null model. Each of these trends diverged further from the null expectation as the compared habitats became more geographically distant but more environmentally similar. Our meta-analysis supported a latitudinal gradient in bacterial diversity with higher richness at lower latitudes, but decreased richness toward the poles. Bacteria in the tropics also demonstrated narrower latitudinal ranges at lower latitudes and relatively larger ranges in higher latitudes, conforming to the controversial macroecological pattern of the “Rapoport rule.” Collectively, our findings suggest that bacteria follow biogeographic patterns more typical of macroscopic organisms, and that dispersal limitation, not just environmental selection, likely plays an important role. Distributions of microbes that deliver critical ecosystem services, particularly those in polar regions, may be vulnerable to the same impacts that environmental stressors, climate warming, and degradation in habitat quality are having on biodiversity in animal and plant species.
机译：经常引用微生物大都会弥散假设来解释由海洋水团的高度连通性驱动的分布模式，并且从未严格测试广泛的弥散能力。通过使用全球海洋细菌数据集和迭代矩阵随机模拟，我们显示出海洋细菌的散布限制比我们的无模型使用“无处不在”原则所预测的散布限制明显更大，没有散布限制情况。具体而言，海洋细菌显示出双极分布（即，仅在两个极点和其他地方都唯一出现的物种）的频率明显低于零模型。此外，我们观察到在两个半球中存在的分类单元较少，但仅在一个半球中存在的分类单元比空模型下预期的要多。随着所比较的栖息地在地理上越来越远，但在环境上更加相似，这些趋势中的每一个都偏离了零期望。我们的荟萃分析支持了细菌多样性的纬度梯度变化，在低纬度地区具有较高的丰富度，但在极地却减少了丰富度。热带地区的细菌在低纬度地区也表现出较窄的纬度范围，而在高纬度地区则具有相对较大的纬度范围，这符合有争议的“拉坡港法则”的宏观生态模式。总的来说，我们的发现表明细菌遵循宏观生物更典型的生物地理模式，并且扩散限制不仅是环境选择，而且可能起重要作用。提供关键生态系统服务的微生物分布，特别是极地地区的微生物，可能易受环境压力，气候变暖和栖息地质量下降对动植物物种生物多样性的影响。

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