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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Life cycle air quality impacts of conventional and alternative light-duty transportation in the United States
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Life cycle air quality impacts of conventional and alternative light-duty transportation in the United States

机译：美国传统和替代轻型运输对生命周期空气质量的影响

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摘要

Commonly considered strategies for reducing the environmental impact of light-duty transportation include using alternative fuels and improving vehicle fuel economy. We evaluate the air quality-related human health impacts of 10 such options, including the use of liquid biofuels, diesel, and compressed natural gas (CNG) in internal combustion engines; the use of electricity from a range of conventional and renewable sources to power electric vehicles (EVs); and the use of hybrid EV technology. Our approach combines spatially, temporally, and chemically detailed life cycle emission inventories; comprehensive, fine-scale state-of-the-science chemical transport modeling; and exposure, concentration–response, and economic health impact modeling for ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We find that powering vehicles with corn ethanol or with coal-based or “grid average” electricity increases monetized environmental health impacts by 80% or more relative to using conventional gasoline. Conversely, EVs powered by low-emitting electricity from natural gas, wind, water, or solar power reduce environmental health impacts by 50% or more. Consideration of potential climate change impacts alongside the human health outcomes described here further reinforces the environmental preferability of EVs powered by low-emitting electricity relative to gasoline vehicles.
机译：减少轻型运输对环境影响的普遍考虑的策略包括使用替代燃料和提高车辆燃料经济性。我们评估了10种此类选择对空气质量相关的人类健康的影响，包括在内燃发动机中使用液体生物燃料，柴油和压缩天然气（CNG）；使用各种传统和可再生资源中的电力来为电动汽车（EV）供电；以及混合电动技术的使用。我们的方法结合了空间，时间和化学上详细的生命周期排放清单；全面，精细的最新科学化学品运输模型；以及臭氧（O3）和细颗粒物（PM2.5）的暴露，浓度响应和经济健康影响模型。我们发现，使用玉米乙醇或煤基或“网格平均”电力为车辆提供动力，相对于使用传统汽油，可将货币化的环境健康影响提高80％或更多。相反，由天然气，风能，水或太阳能等低排放电力驱动的电动汽车可将对环境健康的影响降低50％或更多。与本文所述的人类健康结果以及潜在的气候变化影响相比，这进一步增强了由低排放电力驱动的电动汽车相对于汽油车的环境偏好。

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