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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >PNAS PlusFrom the Cover: Local plant names reveal that enslaved Africans recognized substantial parts of the New World flora
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PNAS PlusFrom the Cover: Local plant names reveal that enslaved Africans recognized substantial parts of the New World flora

机译：从封面看：当地植物的名字表明被奴役的非洲人认识到新世界植物区系的大部分

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How did the forced migration of nearly 11 million enslaved Africans to the Americas influence their knowledge of plants? Vernacular plant names give insight into the process of species recognition, acquisition of new knowledge, and replacement of African species with American ones. This study traces the origin of 2,350 Afro-Surinamese (Sranantongo and Maroon) plant names to those plant names used by local Amerindians, Europeans, and related groups in West and Central Africa. We compared vernacular names from herbarium collections, literature, and recent ethnobotanical fieldwork in Suriname, Ghana, Benin, and Gabon. A strong correspondence in sound, structure, and meaning among Afro-Surinamese vernaculars and their equivalents in other languages for botanically related taxa was considered as evidence for a shared origin. Although 65% of the Afro-Surinamese plant names contained European lexical items, enslaved Africans have recognized a substantial part of the neotropical flora. Twenty percent of the Sranantongo and 43% of the Maroon plant names strongly resemble names currently used in diverse African languages for related taxa, represent translations of African ones, or directly refer to an Old World origin. The acquisition of new ethnobotanical knowledge is captured in vernaculars derived from Amerindian languages and the invention of new names for neotropical plants from African lexical terms. Plant names that combine African, Amerindian, and European words reflect a creolization process that merged ethnobotanical skills from diverse geographical and cultural sources into new Afro-American knowledge systems. Our study confirms the role of Africans as significant agents of environmental knowledge in the New World.
机译：将近1100万被奴役的非洲人强迫迁移到美洲如何影响他们对植物的了解？白话植物名称可以洞察物种识别，获取新知识以及用美国物种替代非洲物种的过程。这项研究追踪了2,350种非洲苏里南植物（Sranantongo和Maroon）的植物名称，以追溯到西非和中非当地的美洲印第安人，欧洲人和相关团体使用的植物名称。我们比较了苏里南，加纳，贝宁和加蓬的植物标本馆藏，文献和最近的民族植物学实地调查的乡土名称。非裔苏里南方言与植物相关类群的其他语言的等价物在声音，结构和含义上的强烈对应被认为是共同起源的证据。尽管非洲苏里南植物名称中有65％包含欧洲词汇，但被奴役的非洲人已经认识到新热带植物群的很大一部分。 Sranantongo的20％和Maroon的43％的植物名称与当前在不同非洲语言中用于相关分类单元的名称非常相似，代表非洲语言的翻译，或直接指代旧世界的起源。在从美洲印第安人语言衍生的白话语中获取了新的民族植物学知识，并从非洲词汇术语中发明了新热带植物的新名称。结合了非洲，美洲和欧洲单词的植物名称反映了克里奥尔化的过程，该过程将来自不同地理和文化来源的民族植物学技能融合到新的非裔美国人知识体系中。我们的研究证实了非洲人在新世界中作为环境知识的重要推动者的作用。

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