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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >PNAS Plus: Generation of bright isolated attosecond soft X-ray pulses driven by multicycle midinfrared lasers
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PNAS Plus: Generation of bright isolated attosecond soft X-ray pulses driven by multicycle midinfrared lasers

机译：PNAS Plus：由多周期中红外激光器驱动产生明亮的孤立的阿秒软X射线脉冲

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High harmonic generation driven by femtosecond lasers makes it possible to capture the fastest dynamics in molecules and materials. However, to date the shortest subfemtosecond (attosecond, 10−18 s) pulses have been produced only in the extreme UV region of the spectrum below 100 eV, which limits the range of materials and molecular systems that can be explored. Here we experimentally demonstrate a remarkable convergence of physics: when midinfrared lasers are used to drive high harmonic generation, the conditions for optimal bright, soft X-ray generation naturally coincide with the generation of isolated attosecond pulses. The temporal window over which phase matching occurs shrinks rapidly with increasing driving laser wavelength, to the extent that bright isolated attosecond pulses are the norm for 2-µm driving lasers. Harnessing this realization, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of isolated soft X-ray attosecond pulses at photon energies up to 180 eV for the first time, to our knowledge, with a transform limit of 35 attoseconds (as), and a predicted linear chirp of 300 as. Most surprisingly, advanced theory shows that in contrast with as pulse generation in the extreme UV, long-duration, 10-cycle, driving laser pulses are required to generate isolated soft X-ray bursts efficiently, to mitigate group velocity walk-off between the laser and the X-ray fields that otherwise limit the conversion efficiency. Our work demonstrates a clear and straightforward approach for robustly generating bright isolated attosecond pulses of electromagnetic radiation throughout the soft X-ray region of the spectrum.
机译：飞秒激光驱动产生的高次谐波使捕获分子和材料中最快的动力学成为可能。但是，迄今为止，仅在低于100 eV的光谱的极紫外区域产生了最短的亚飞秒（亚秒，10 −18 s）脉冲，这限制了可以被探索。在这里，我们通过实验证明了物理学的显着融合：当使用中红外激光驱动高谐波生成时，最佳明亮，柔和X射线生成的条件自然与孤立的阿秒脉冲的生成相吻合。随着驱动激光器波长的增加，发生相位匹配的时间窗口迅速缩小，以至于明亮的孤立阿秒脉冲成为2 µm驱动激光器的标准。利用这种认识，我们实验证明，首次以光子能量高达180 eV产生孤立的软X射线阿秒脉冲，据我们所知，其转换极限为35阿秒（as），并且预测的线性chi为300 as。最令人惊讶的是，先进的理论表明，与在极紫外光下产生脉冲相反，需要持续时间长的10个周期的驱动激光脉冲才能有效地产生孤立的软X射线猝发，以减轻激光束之间的群速度偏移。激光和X射线场，否则会限制转换效率。我们的工作演示了一种清晰而直接的方法，可在整个光谱的软X射线区域中稳健地生成明亮的孤立的电磁辐射的阿秒脉冲。

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