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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Rate of false conviction of criminal defendants who are sentenced to death
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Rate of false conviction of criminal defendants who are sentenced to death

机译：被判死刑的刑事被告人被定罪的比率

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摘要

The rate of erroneous conviction of innocent criminal defendants is often described as not merely unknown but unknowable. There is no systematic method to determine the accuracy of a criminal conviction; if there were, these errors would not occur in the first place. As a result, very few false convictions are ever discovered, and those that are discovered are not representative of the group as a whole. In the United States, however, a high proportion of false convictions that do come to light and produce exonerations are concentrated among the tiny minority of cases in which defendants are sentenced to death. This makes it possible to use data on death row exonerations to estimate the overall rate of false conviction among death sentences. The high rate of exoneration among death-sentenced defendants appears to be driven by the threat of execution, but most death-sentenced defendants are removed from death row and resentenced to life imprisonment, after which the likelihood of exoneration drops sharply. We use survival analysis to model this effect, and estimate that if all death-sentenced defendants remained under sentence of death indefinitely, at least 4.1% would be exonerated. We conclude that this is a conservative estimate of the proportion of false conviction among death sentences in the United States.
机译：无辜的刑事被告人被错误定罪的比率常常被描述为不仅是未知的而且是不可知的。没有系统的方法可以确定刑事定罪的准确性；如果有的话，这些错误首先不会发生。结果，几乎没有发现过错误的信念，发现的错误信念不能代表整个团体。但是，在美国，被揭发并导致免责的虚假定罪的比例很高，只集中在被告判处死刑的极少数案件中。这使得有可能使用死刑免除数据来估计死刑判决中的总定罪率。被判处死刑的被告人的高处死率似乎是受到处决威胁的驱使，但大多数被判处死刑的被告人已从死囚牢房中移出并被判处无期徒刑，此后，被判处死刑的可能性急剧下降。我们使用生存分析来模拟这种影响，并估计，如果所有判死刑的被告无限期地被判处死刑，则至少有4.1％的罪名将被免除。我们得出的结论是，这是对美国死刑中虚假定罪比例的保守估计。

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