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Twentieth-century shifts in forest structure in California: Denser forests smaller trees and increased dominance of oaks

机译:加利福尼亚州20世纪的森林结构变化:丹瑟(Denser)森林较小的树木以及橡树的优势地位

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摘要

We document changes in forest structure between historical (1930s) and contemporary (2000s) surveys of California vegetation through comparisons of tree abundance and size across the state and within several ecoregions. Across California, tree density in forested regions increased by 30% between the two time periods, whereas forest biomass in the same regions declined, as indicated by a 19% reduction in basal area. These changes reflect a demographic shift in forest structure: larger trees (>61 cm diameter at breast height) have declined, whereas smaller trees (<30 cm) have increased. Large tree declines were found in all surveyed regions of California, whereas small tree increases were found in every region except the south and central coast. Large tree declines were more severe in areas experiencing greater increases in climatic water deficit since the 1930s, based on a hydrologic model of water balance for historical climates through the 20th century. Forest composition in California in the last century has also shifted toward increased dominance by oaks relative to pines, a pattern consistent with warming and increased water stress, and also with paleohistoric shifts in vegetation in California over the last 150,000 y.
机译:我们通过比较全州和几个生态区域内树木的丰度和大小,记录了历史(1930年代)和当代(2000年代)加利福尼亚植被的森林结构变化。在整个加利福尼亚州,在两个时期内,森林地区的树木密度增加了30%,而同一地区的森林生物量却下降了,这是由基础面积减少19%所表明的。这些变化反映了人口结构的变化:较大的树木(胸高处直径大于61厘米)已减少,而较小的树木(小于30厘米)则有所增加。在加利福尼亚州的所有调查区域都发现了大树砍伐,而除南部和中部沿海地区以外的所有地区都发现了小树种增长。根据20世纪以来历史气候的水平衡水文模型,自1930年代以来,在气候缺水量增加较大的地区,大树的砍伐更为严重。上个世纪,加利福尼亚州的森林组成也向着相对于松树增加橡树的主导地位转变,这种模式与变暖和水分胁迫加剧相一致,并且在过去的15万年中,加利福尼亚的植被也发生了古历史变化。

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