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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >From the Cover: Environmental change explains cichlid adaptive radiation at Lake Malawi over the past 1.2 million years
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From the Cover: Environmental change explains cichlid adaptive radiation at Lake Malawi over the past 1.2 million years

机译：从封面：环境变化解释了马拉维湖在过去120万年来的适应性辐射

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摘要

Long paleoecological records are critical for understanding evolutionary responses to environmental forcing and unparalleled tools for elucidating the mechanisms that lead to the development of regions of high biodiversity. We use a 1.2-My record from Lake Malawi, a textbook example of biological diversification, to document how climate and tectonics have driven ecosystem and evolutionary dynamics. Before ∼800 ka, Lake Malawi was much shallower than today, with higher frequency but much lower amplitude water-level and oxygenation changes. Since ∼800 ka, the lake has experienced much larger environmental fluctuations, best explained by a punctuated, tectonically driven rise in its outlet location and level. Following the reorganization of the basin, a change in the pacing of hydroclimate variability associated with the Mid-Pleistocene Transition resulted in hydrologic change dominated by precession rather than the high-latitude teleconnections recorded elsewhere. During this time, extended, deep lake phases have abruptly alternated with times of extreme aridity and ecosystem variability. Repeated crossings of hydroclimatic thresholds within the lake system were critical for establishing the rhythm of diversification, hybridization, and extinction that dominate the modern system. The chronology of these changes closely matches both the timing and pattern of phylogenetic history inferred independently for the lake’s extraordinary array of cichlid fish species, suggesting a direct link between environmental and evolutionary dynamics.
机译：长期的古生态记录对于理解对环境强迫的进化反应和阐明导致高生物多样性地区发展的机制的无与伦比的工具至关重要。我们使用来自马拉维湖的1.2-我的记录（生物多样性的教科书示例）来记录气候和构造如何驱动生态系统和进化动力学。大约800 ka以前，马拉维湖比今天浅得多，频率更高，但水位和含氧量变化低得多。自〜800 ka开始，该湖经历了更大的环境波动，这可以用其出口位置和水位的点状构造性驱动来解释。盆地重组后，与中更新世过渡有关的水文气候变化起伏变化导致水文变化以岁差为主，而不是其他地方记录的高纬度遥相关。在这段时间里，深水湖的延伸阶段突然与极端干旱和生态系统易变性交替发生。湖泊系统内反复跨越水文气候阈值对于建立主导现代系统的多样化，杂交和灭绝的节奏至关重要。这些变化的时间顺序与为该湖中非凡的丽鱼科鱼类物种独立推论的系统发育史的时间和模式都非常吻合，表明环境与进化动力学之间存在直接联系。

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