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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >PNAS Plus: Clouds at Barbados are representative of clouds across the trade wind regions in observations and climate models
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PNAS Plus: Clouds at Barbados are representative of clouds across the trade wind regions in observations and climate models

机译：PNAS Plus：巴巴多斯的云在观测和气候模型中代表着整个贸易风区域的云

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Trade wind regions cover most of the tropical oceans, and the prevailing cloud type is shallow cumulus. These small clouds are parameterized by climate models, and changes in their radiative effects strongly and directly contribute to the spread in estimates of climate sensitivity. This study investigates the structure and variability of these clouds in observations and climate models. The study builds upon recent detailed model evaluations using observations from the island of Barbados. Using a dynamical regimes framework, satellite and reanalysis products are used to compare the Barbados region and the broader tropics. It is shown that clouds in the Barbados region are similar to those across the trade wind regions, implying that observational findings from the Barbados Cloud Observatory are relevant to clouds across the tropics. The same methods are applied to climate models to evaluate the simulated clouds. The models generally capture the cloud radiative effect, but underestimate cloud cover and show an array of cloud vertical structures. Some models show strong biases in the environment of the Barbados region in summer, weakening the connection between the regional biases and those across the tropics. Even bearing that limitation in mind, it is shown that covariations of cloud and environmental properties in the models are inconsistent with observations. The models tend to misrepresent sensitivity to moisture variations and inversion characteristics. These model errors are likely connected to cloud feedback in climate projections, and highlight the importance of the representation of shallow cumulus convection.
机译：贸易风区域覆盖了大部分热带海洋，而主要的云类型是浅积云。这些小云是由气候模型参数化的，其辐射效应的变化强烈而直接地导致了气候敏感性估计值的传播。本研究在观测和气候模型中研究了这些云的结构和变异性。这项研究基于最近对巴巴多斯岛的观测进行的详细模型评估。使用动力机制框架，使用卫星和再分析产品来比较巴巴多斯地区和更广阔的热带地区。结果表明，巴巴多斯地区的云与贸易风地区的云相似，这表明巴巴多斯云天文台的观测结果与热带地区的云有关。将相同的方法应用于气候模型以评估模拟云。这些模型通常会捕获云的辐射效应，但会低估云的覆盖率并显示出一系列云垂直结构。一些模型显示夏季巴巴多斯地区的环境存在强烈偏见，从而削弱了区域偏见与热带偏见之间的联系。即使记住这一限制，也表明模型中云和环境属性的协变与观测值不一致。这些模型往往曲解了对水分变化和反演特征的敏感性。这些模型误差很可能与气候预测中的云层反馈有关，并突出了浅层积云对流表示的重要性。

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