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Gene duplication confers enhanced expression of 27-kDa γ-zein for endosperm modification in quality protein maize

机译:基因复制赋予优质蛋白质玉米胚乳修饰27-kDaγ-玉米醇溶蛋白增强表达

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摘要

The maize opaque2 (o2) mutant has a high nutritional value but it develops a chalky endosperm that limits its practical use. Genetic selection for o2 modifiers can convert the normally chalky endosperm of the mutant into a hard, vitreous phenotype, yielding what is known as quality protein maize (QPM). Previous studies have shown that enhanced expression of 27-kDa γ-zein in QPM is essential for endosperm modification. Taking advantage of genome-wide association study analysis of a natural population, linkage mapping analysis of a recombinant inbred line population, and map-based cloning, we identified a quantitative trait locus (qγ27) affecting expression of 27-kDa γ-zein. qγ27 was mapped to the same region as the major o2 modifier (o2 modifier1) on chromosome 7 near the 27-kDa γ-zein locus. qγ27 resulted from a 15.26-kb duplication at the 27-kDa γ-zein locus, which increases the level of gene expression. This duplication occurred before maize domestication; however, the gene structure of qγ27 appears to be unstable and the DNA rearrangement frequently occurs at this locus. Because enhanced expression of 27-kDa γ-zein is critical for endosperm modification in QPM, qγ27 is expected to be under artificial selection. This discovery provides a useful molecular marker that can be used to accelerate QPM breeding.
机译:玉米opaque2(o2)突变体具有很高的营养价值,但会形成白垩质的胚乳,从而限制了其实际应用。 o2修饰剂的遗传选择可以将突变体的通常为白垩质的胚乳转变为坚硬的玻璃态表型,从而产生所谓的优质蛋白玉米(QPM)。先前的研究表明,QPM中27-kDaγ-玉米醇溶蛋白的表达增强对于胚乳修饰至关重要。利用自然种群的全基因组关联研究分析,重组自交系种群的连锁作图分析以及基于图的克隆,我们确定了影响27-kDaγ-玉米醇溶蛋白表达的定量性状基因座(qγ27)。 qγ27被定位到与7号染色体上27-kDaγ-玉米醇溶蛋白基因座附近的主要o2修饰子(o2修饰子1)相同的区域。 qγ27是在27 kDaγ玉米醇溶蛋白基因座上重复15.26 kb产生的,从而增加了基因表达水平。这种重复发生在玉米驯化之前。然而,qγ27的基因结构似乎不稳定,并且在该位点经常发生DNA重排。由于27-kDaγ-玉米醇溶蛋白的增强表达对于QPM中胚乳的修饰至关重要,因此qγ27有望在人工选择下进行。这一发现提供了可用于加速QPM育种的有用分子标记。

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