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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >From the CoverPNAS Plus: Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines
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From the CoverPNAS Plus: Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines

机译：来自CoverPNAS Plus：由于脊椎动物种群的丧失和减少而进行的第六次大规模灭绝导致生物an灭

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The population extinction pulse we describe here shows, from a quantitative viewpoint, that Earth’s sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looking exclusively at species extinctions. Therefore, humanity needs to address anthropogenic population extirpation and decimation immediately. That conclusion is based on analyses of the numbers and degrees of range contraction (indicative of population shrinkage and/or population extinctions according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature) using a sample of 27,600 vertebrate species, and on a more detailed analysis documenting the population extinctions between 1900 and 2015 in 177 mammal species. We find that the rate of population loss in terrestrial vertebrates is extremely high—even in “species of low concern.” In our sample, comprising nearly half of known vertebrate species, 32% (8,851/27,600) are decreasing; that is, they have decreased in population size and range. In the 177 mammals for which we have detailed data, all have lost 30% or more of their geographic ranges and more than 40% of the species have experienced severe population declines (>80% range shrinkage). Our data indicate that beyond global species extinctions Earth is experiencing a huge episode of population declines and extirpations, which will have negative cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning and services vital to sustaining civilization. We describe this as a “biological annihilation” to highlight the current magnitude of Earth’s ongoing sixth major extinction event.
机译：从定量的角度来看，我们在这里描述的种群灭绝脉冲表明，地球的第六次物种灭绝比仅考虑物种灭绝时所感知到的更为严重。因此，人类需要立即解决人为灭绝和灭绝的问题。该结论基于对范围缩小的数量和程度的分析（根据国际自然保护联盟的指示，人口减少和/或种群灭绝），使用了27,600种脊椎动物物种的样本，并且进行了更详细的分析，记录了1900年至2015年间，177种哺乳动物的种群灭绝。我们发现，即使在“低关注度物种”中，陆地脊椎动物的种群损失率也极高。在我们的样本中，包括近一半的已知脊椎动物，有32％（8,851 / 27,600）在减少；也就是说，他们的人口规模和范围有所缩小。在我们拥有详细数据的177种哺乳动物中，所有哺乳动物的地理范围都损失了30％或更多，并且40％以上的物种种群严重减少（范围缩小> 80％）。我们的数据表明，除全球物种灭绝外，地球还经历着人口减少和灭绝的巨大事件，这将对生态系统的功能和对维持文明至关重要的服务产生负面的连锁影响。我们将其描述为“生物an灭”，以强调当前地球正在进行的第六次重大灭绝事件的程度。

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