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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Sackler Colloquium on Extension of Biology Through Culture: Young children communicate their ignorance and ask questions
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Sackler Colloquium on Extension of Biology Through Culture: Young children communicate their ignorance and ask questions

机译：萨克勒关于通过文化扩展生物学的座谈会：年幼的孩子传达他们的无知并提出问题

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Children acquire information, especially about the culture in which they are being raised, by listening to other people. Recent evidence has shown that young children are selective learners who preferentially accept information, especially from informants who are likely to be representative of the surrounding culture. However, the extent to which children understand this process of information transmission and actively exploit it to fill gaps in their knowledge has not been systematically investigated. We review evidence that toddlers exhibit various expressive behaviors when faced with knowledge gaps. They look toward an available adult, convey ignorance via nonverbal gestures (flips/shrugs), and increasingly produce verbal acknowledgments of ignorance (“I don’t know”). They also produce comments and questions about what their interlocutors might know and adopt an interrogative stance toward them. Thus, in the second and third years, children actively seek information from interlocutors via nonverbal gestures or verbal questions and display a heightened tendency to encode and retain such sought-after information.
机译：孩子们通过听别人的声音来获得信息，尤其是关于他们所成长的文化的信息。最近的证据表明，幼儿是有选择性的学习者，他们优先接受信息，特别是那些可能代表周围文化的举报人。然而，尚未系统地研究儿童在多大程度上理解该信息传递过程并积极利用它来填补其知识的空白。我们审查的证据表明，幼儿面对知识鸿沟时表现出各种表现行为。他们面向有空余的成年人，通过非语言手势（翻转/耸耸肩）传达无知，并越来越多地产生对无知的口头答谢（“我不知道”）。他们还就对话者可能了解的内容提出评论和问题，并对他们采取疑问态度。因此，在第二和第三年中，孩子们通过非语言手势或口头问题积极地向对话者寻求信息，并表现出增强的编码和保留这种寻求的信息的趋势。

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