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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value
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Species richness alone does not predict cultural ecosystem service value

机译：单凭物种丰富度并不能预测文化生态系统服务价值

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摘要

Many biodiversity-ecosystem services studies omit cultural ecosystem services (CES) or use species richness as a proxy and assume that more species confer greater CES value. We studied wildflower viewing, a key biodiversity-based CES in amenity-based landscapes, in Southern Appalachian Mountain forests and asked (i) How do aesthetic preferences for wildflower communities vary with components of biodiversity, including species richness?; (ii) How do aesthetic preferences for wildflower communities vary across psychographic groups?; and (iii) How well does species richness perform as an indicator of CES value compared with revealed social preferences for wildflower communities? Public forest visitors (n = 293) were surveyed during the summer of 2015 and asked to choose among images of wildflower communities in which flower species richness, flower abundance, species evenness, color diversity, and presence of charismatic species had been digitally manipulated. Aesthetic preferences among images were unrelated to species richness but increased with more abundant flowers, greater species evenness, and greater color diversity. Aesthetic preferences were consistent across psychographic groups and unaffected by knowledge of local flora or value placed on wildflower viewing. When actual wildflower communities (n = 54) were ranked based on empirically measured flower species richness or wildflower viewing utility based on multinomial logit models of revealed preferences, rankings were broadly similar. However, designation of hotspots (CES values above the median) based on species richness alone missed 27% of wildflower viewing utility hotspots. Thus, conservation priorities for sustaining CES should incorporate social preferences and consider multiple dimensions of biodiversity that underpin CES supply.
机译：许多生物多样性-生态系统服务研究都省略了文化生态系统服务（CES）或使用物种丰富度作为替代指标，并假设更多的物种赋予CES更大的价值。我们研究了在阿巴拉契亚山脉南部森林中观赏野花的情况，野花是一种以舒适性为基础的景观中基于生物多样性的关键CES，并询问（i）野花群落的审美偏好如何随生物多样性的组成（包括物种丰富度）而变化？ （ii）在不同的心理群体之间，对野花群落的审美偏好如何变化？ （iii）与对野花社区的社会偏好相比，物种丰富度作为CES价值的指标表现如何？在2015年夏季，对公共森林游客（n = 293）进行了调查，并要求他们在野花群落图像中进行选择，在这些图像中，已经对数字物种丰富度，花朵丰度，物种均匀度，颜色多样性和魅力物种的存在进行了数字化处理。图像之间的审美偏好与物种丰富度无关，但随着花朵的丰富，物种均匀度和颜色多样性的增加而增加。各个心理群体的审美偏好是一致的，不受当地植物区系知识或欣赏野花价值的影响。当根据经验测得的花卉物种丰富度对实际的野花群落（n = 54）进行排名时，或者基于显示偏好的多项式logit模型对野花的观赏效用进行排名时，排名大致相似。但是，仅根据物种丰富度指定热点（CES值高于中位数）时，错过了野花观赏实用热点的27％。因此，维持CES的保护重点应纳入社会偏好，并考虑支撑CES供应的生物多样性的多个方面。

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