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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The role of industry-specific occupation-specific and location-specific knowledge in the growth and survival of new firms
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The role of industry-specific occupation-specific and location-specific knowledge in the growth and survival of new firms

机译：特定行业特定行业和特定地点的知识在新公司的成长和生存中的作用

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摘要

How do regions acquire the knowledge they need to diversify their economic activities? How does the migration of workers among firms and industries contribute to the diffusion of that knowledge? Here we measure the industry-, occupation-, and location-specific knowledge carried by workers from one establishment to the next, using a dataset summarizing the individual work history for an entire country. We study pioneer firms—firms operating in an industry that was not present in a region—because the success of pioneers is the basic unit of regional economic diversification. We find that the growth and survival of pioneers increase significantly when their first hires are workers with experience in a related industry and with work experience in the same location, but not with past experience in a related occupation. We compare these results with new firms that are not pioneers and find that industry-specific knowledge is significantly more important for pioneer than for nonpioneer firms. To address endogeneity we use Bartik instruments, which leverage national fluctuations in the demand for an activity as shocks for local labor supply. The instrumental variable estimates support the finding that industry-specific knowledge is a predictor of the survival and growth of pioneer firms. These findings expand our understanding of the micromechanisms underlying regional economic diversification.
机译：地区如何获取他们需要的知识，以使其经济活动多样化？工人在公司和行业之间的迁移如何促进知识的传播？在这里，我们使用汇总整个国家各个工作历史的数据集，来衡量工人从一个机构到另一家机构所携带的行业，职业和位置特定的知识。我们研究先锋公司-确认经营该地区所没有的行业-因为先锋的成功是区域经济多元化的基本单位。我们发现，当先驱者是具有相关行业经验并在同一地点具有工作经验但没有相关工作经验的先驱时，开拓者的成长和生存能力会大大提高。我们将这些结果与不是先驱者的新公司进行了比较，发现与先驱者相比，对先驱者而言，特定于行业的知识更为重要。为了解决内生性问题，我们使用Bartik工具，该工具利用国家对某项活动的需求的波动来冲击本地劳动力供应。工具变量估计支持以下发现：特定于行业的知识是先锋企业生存和成长的预测指标。这些发现扩大了我们对区域经济多样化背后的微观机制的理解。

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