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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Individuals institutions and innovation in the debates of the French Revolution
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Individuals institutions and innovation in the debates of the French Revolution

机译：法国大革命辩论中的个人机构和创新

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The French Revolution brought principles of “liberty, equality, fraternity” to bear on the day-to-day challenges of governing what was then the largest country in Europe. Its experiments provided a model for future revolutions and democracies across the globe, but this first modern revolution had no model to follow. Using reconstructed transcripts of debates held in the Revolution’s first parliament, we present a quantitative analysis of how this body managed innovation. We use information theory to track the creation, transmission, and destruction of word-use patterns across over 40,000 speeches and a thousand speakers. The parliament as a whole was biased toward the adoption of new patterns, but speakers’ individual qualities could break these overall trends. Speakers on the left innovated at higher rates, while speakers on the right acted to preserve prior patterns. Key players such as Robespierre (on the left) and Abbé Maury (on the right) played information-processing roles emblematic of their politics. Newly created organizational functions—such as the Assembly president and committee chairs—had significant effects on debate outcomes, and a distinct transition appears midway through the parliament when committees, external to the debate process, gained new powers to “propose and dispose.” Taken together, these quantitative results align with existing qualitative interpretations, but also reveal crucial information-processing dynamics that have hitherto been overlooked. Great orators had the public’s attention, but deputies (mostly on the political left) who mastered the committee system gained new powers to shape revolutionary legislation.
机译：法国大革命带来了“自由，平等，博爱”的原则，以应对当时最大的欧洲国家的日常管理挑战。它的实验为全球未来的革命和民主国家提供了一个模型，但是第一次现代革命没有可仿效的模型。利用革命第一届议会辩论的笔录，我们对这个机构如何管理创新进行了定量分析。我们使用信息论来跟踪40,000多个演讲和一千个演讲者中单词使用模式的创建，传播和破坏。议会整体上倾向于采用新模式，但发言人的个人素质可能会打破这些总体趋势。左侧的发言者以较高的速度进行创新，而右侧的发言者则保留了以前的模式。 Robespierre（左）和AbbéMaury（右）等主要角色扮演着象征其政治的信息处理角色。新成立的组织职能（例如大会主席和委员会主席）对辩论结果产生了重大影响，而议会中途出现了明显的过渡，当时辩论过程之外的委员会获得了“提议和处置”的新权力。综上所述，这些定量结果与现有的定性解释一致，但同时也揭示了迄今为止被忽视的关键信息处理动态。伟大的演说家引起了公众的注意，但是掌握委员会制度的代表们（主要是政治左派）获得了制定革命性立法的新权力。

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