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Multidecadal observations of the Antarctic ice sheet from restored analog radar records

机译:恢复的模拟雷达记录对南极冰盖的多年代观测

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摘要

Airborne radar sounding can measure conditions within and beneath polar ice sheets. In Antarctica, most digital radar-sounding data have been collected in the last 2 decades, limiting our ability to understand processes that govern longer-term ice-sheet behavior. Here, we demonstrate how analog radar data collected over 40 y ago in Antarctica can be combined with modern records to quantify multidecadal changes. Specifically, we digitize over 400,000 line kilometers of exploratory Antarctic radar data originally recorded on 35-mm optical film between 1971 and 1979. We leverage the increased geometric and radiometric resolution of our digitization process to show how these data can be used to identify and investigate hydrologic, geologic, and topographic features beneath and within the ice sheet. To highlight their scientific potential, we compare the digitized data with contemporary radar measurements to reveal that the remnant eastern ice shelf of Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica had thinned between 10 and 33% between 1978 and 2009. We also release the collection of scanned radargrams in their entirety in a persistent public archive along with updated geolocation data for a subset of the data that reduces the mean positioning error from 5 to 2.5 km. Together, these data represent a unique and renewed extensive, multidecadal historical baseline, critical for observing and modeling ice-sheet change on societally relevant timescales.
机译:机载雷达探测可以测量极地冰盖内部和下方的状况。在南极洲,过去20年中已经收集了大多数数字雷达探测数据,这限制了我们理解控制长期冰盖行为的过程的能力。在这里,我们演示了如何将40年前在南极收集的模拟雷达数据与现代记录相结合,以量化多年代际变化。具体而言,我们将1971年至1979年之间最初记录在35毫米光学胶片上的超过40万行千米的南极探索​​性雷达数据进行了数字化。我们利用数字化过程中提高的几何分辨率和辐射分辨率,来说明如何将这些数据用于识别和研究冰盖下方和内部的水文,地质和地形特征。为了突出其科学潜力,我们将数字化数据与当代雷达测量值进行了比较,以揭示1978年至2009年之间,西南极洲Thwaites冰川的残余东部冰架变薄了10%到33%。完整的数据保存在一个持久的公共档案中,以及一部分数据的最新地理位置数据,这些数据将平均定位误差从5 km减少到2.5 km。这些数据一起代表了一个独特的,更新的,广泛的,数十年的历史基线,对于在社会相关的时间尺度上观测和模拟冰盖变化至关重要。

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