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Numerical simulations of targeted delivery of magnetic drug aerosols in the human upper and central respiratory system: a validation study

机译：磁性药物气雾剂在人体上呼吸系统和中枢呼吸系统中靶向输送的数值模拟：一项验证研究

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In the present study, we investigate the concept of the targeted delivery of pharmaceutical drug aerosols in an anatomically realistic geometry of the human upper and central respiratory system. The geometry considered extends from the mouth inlet to the eighth generation of the bronchial bifurcations and is identical to the phantom model used in the experimental studies of Banko et al. (2015 Exp. Fluids >56, 1–12 ()). In our computer simulations, we combine the transitional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and the wall-resolved large eddy simulation (LES) methods for the air phase with the Lagrangian approach for the particulate (aerosol) phase. We validated simulations against recently obtained magnetic resonance velocimetry measurements of Banko et al. (2015 Exp. Fluids >56, 1–12. ()) that provide a full three-dimensional mean velocity field for steady inspiratory conditions. Both approaches produced good agreement with experiments, and the transitional RANS approach is selected for the multiphase simulations of aerosols transport, because of significantly lower computational costs. The local and total deposition efficiency are calculated for different classes of pharmaceutical particles (in the 0.1 μm≤dp≤10 μm range) without and with a paramagnetic core (the shell–core particles). For the latter, an external magnetic field is imposed. The source of the imposed magnetic field was placed in the proximity of the first bronchial bifurcation. We demonstrated that both total and local depositions of aerosols at targeted locations can be significantly increased by an applied magnetization force. This finding confirms the possible potential for further advancement of the magnetic drug targeting technique for more efficient treatments for respiratory diseases.
机译：在本研究中，我们调查了在人类上呼吸系统和中央呼吸系统的解剖学上几何形状中靶向药物气雾剂的靶向输送的概念。所考虑的几何形状从口腔入口延伸到支气管分叉的第八代，并且与Banko等人的实验研究中使用的幻影模型相同。 （2015年实验流体> 56 ，1–12（））。在我们的计算机模拟中，我们将过渡雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方法和壁解析大涡模拟（LES）方法用于空气相，并将拉格朗日方法用于颗粒（气溶胶）相。我们针对Banko等人最近获得的磁共振测速仪测量结果验证了仿真。 （2015 Exp。Fluids > 56 ，1–12。（）），可为稳定的吸气条件提供完整的三维平均速度场。两种方法都与实验很好地吻合，并且选择了过渡RANS方法进行气溶胶输运的多相模拟，因为它显着降低了计算成本。在没有和有顺磁性核（壳核粒子）的情况下，针对不同类别的药物颗粒（0.1μm≤dp≤10μm范围）计算局部和总沉积效率。对于后者，施加外部磁场。施加的磁场源放置在第一支气管分叉附近。我们证明了通过施加磁化力可以显着增加目标位置上的气溶胶的全部和局部沉积。这一发现证实了磁性药物靶向技术进一步发展以更有效地治疗呼吸系统疾病的潜在潜力。

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