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Gamma-ray bursts and their use as cosmic probes

机译：伽马射线爆发及其作为宇宙探测器的用途

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Since the launch of the highly successful and ongoing Swift mission, the field of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has undergone a revolution. The arcsecond GRB localizations available within just a few minutes of the GRB alert has signified the continual sampling of the GRB evolution through the prompt to afterglow phases revealing unexpected flaring and plateau phases, the first detection of a kilonova coincident with a short GRB, and the identification of samples of low-luminosity, ultra-long and highly dust-extinguished GRBs. The increased numbers of GRB afterglows, GRB-supernova detections, redshifts and host galaxy associations has greatly improved our understanding of what produces and powers these immense, cosmological explosions. Nevertheless, more high-quality data often also reveal greater complexity. In this review, I summarize some of the milestones made in GRB research during the Swift era, and how previous widely accepted theoretical models have had to adapt to accommodate the new wealth of observational data.
机译：自启动极为成功且正在进行的Swift任务以来，伽马射线暴（GRB）领域经历了一场革命。 GRB警报在短短几分钟内就可以实现的弧秒GRB定位，表明了从提示到余辉阶段的连续采样，持续不断地对GRB演化进行了采样，揭示了意外的爆发和平稳阶段，首次发现了与短GRB一致的千伏新星，并且鉴定低发光度，超长和高度消尘的GRB。 GRB余辉，GRB超新星探测，红移和宿主星系协会的数量增加，极大地增进了我们对产生和推动这些巨大的宇宙爆炸的动力的理解。但是，更多高质量的数据通常也显示出更高的复杂性。在这篇评论中，我总结了斯威夫特时代GRB研究中取得的一些里程碑，以及以前广为接受的理论模型如何适应新的观测数据。

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