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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Royal Society Open Science >Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of smoke detectors in compartments
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Influence of high altitude on the burning behaviour of typical combustibles and the related responses of smoke detectors in compartments

机译：高空对典型可燃物燃烧行为的影响以及车厢内烟雾探测器的相关响应

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The effect of altitude on typical combustible burning and related smoke detector response signals was investigated by comparison experiments at altitudes of 40 m and 3650 m based on EN54 standard tests. Point-type light scattering photoelectric smoke detectors and ionization smoke detectors were used for four kinds of EN54 fire tests, including two kinds of smouldering fires with wood (test fire no. 2 in EN54 standard or TF2) and cotton (TF3), and two kinds of flaming fires with polyurethane (TF4) and n-heptane (TF5). First, the influence of altitude or ambient pressure on mass loss for smouldering combustion (TF2 or TF3) was insignificant, while a significant decrease in the mass burning rate was found for flaming tests (TF4 and TF5) as reported in our previous studies. Second, for photoelectric smoke detectors in flaming fire tests, the effect of altitude was similar to that of the burning rate, whereas for the ionization smoke detectors, the response signal at high altitudes was shown to be ‘enhanced’ by the detection principle of the ionization chamber, leading to an even larger value than at normal altitude for smouldering conditions. Third, to provide a reference for smoke detector design in high-altitude areas, the differences between signal speed in rising and peak values at two locations are discussed. Also, relationship between ion chamber signals and smoke optical densities are presented by utilization of an ionization smoke detector and smoke concentration meter. Moreover, a hierarchical diagram is illustrated to provide a better understanding of the effects of altitude on combustible burning behaviour and the mechanisms of detector response.
机译：根据EN54标准测试，通过在40 m和3650 m的海拔高度进行对比实验，研究了海拔高度对典型可燃燃烧和相关烟雾探测器响应信号的影响。点型光散射光电烟雾探测器和电离烟雾探测器用于四种EN54火灾测试，包括两种用木头闷燃的火灾（EN54标准中的2号火灾或TF2）和棉花（TF3），其中两种聚氨酯（TF4）和正庚烷（TF5）引起的多种火焰。首先，海拔高度或环境压力对阴燃的质量损失（TF2或TF3）的影响微不足道，而燃烧试验（TF4和TF5）的质量燃烧速率显着降低，如我们先前的研究报道。其次，对于火焰燃烧测试中的光电烟雾探测器，高度的影响与燃烧速率的影响相似，而对于电离烟雾探测器而言，高海拔的响应信号通过火焰探测原理得到了“增强”。电离室，导致阴燃条件下的值比正常高度更大。第三，为高海拔地区烟雾探测器的设计提供参考，讨论了两个位置的上升和峰值信号速度之间的差异。另外，通过利用电离烟雾探测器和烟雾浓度计，给出了离子室信号与烟雾光密度之间的关系。此外，图示了分层图，以更好地理解海拔高度对可燃燃烧行为的影响以及探测器响应的机制。

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