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Ovotoxicants 4-vinylcyclohexene 12-monoepoxide and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide disrupt redox status and modify different electrophile sensitive target enzymes and genes in Drosophila melanogaster

机译:卵毒物4-乙烯基环己烯12-单环氧化物和4-乙烯基环己烯二环氧化合物破坏果蝇的氧化还原状态并修饰不同的亲电子敏感靶酶和基因

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摘要

The compounds 4-vinylcyclohexene 1,2-monoepoxide (VCM) and 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) are the two downstream metabolites of 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH), an ovotoxic agent in mammals. In addition, VCM and VCD may be found as by-products of VCH oxidation in the environment. Recently, we reported the involvement of oxidative stress in the toxicity of VCH in Drosophila melanogaster. However, it was not possible to determine the individual contributions of VCM and VCD in VCH toxicity. Hence, we investigated the toxicity of VCM and VCD (10–1000 µM) in flies after 5 days of exposure via the diet. Our results indicated impairments in climbing behaviour and disruptions in antioxidant balance and redox status evidenced by an increase in DCFH oxidation, decreases in total thiol content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the flies exposed to VCM and VCD (p<0.05). These effects were accompanied by disruptions in the transcription of the genes encoding the proteins superoxide dismutase (SOD1), kelch-like erythroid-derived cap-n-collar (CNC) homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), mitogen activated protein kinase 2 (MAPK-2), catalase, Cyp18a1, JAFRAC 1 (thioredoxin peroxidase 1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1) (p<0.05). VCM and VCD inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA D) activities in the flies (p<0.05). Indeed, here, we demonstrated that different target enzymes and genes were modified by the electrophiles VCM and VCD in the flies. Thus, D. melanogaster has provided further lessons on the toxicity of VCM and VCD which suggest that the reported toxicity of VCH may be mediated by its transformation to VCM and VCD.
机译:化合物4-乙烯基环己烯1,2-单环氧化物(VCM)和4-乙烯基环己烯二环氧化合物(VCD)是4-乙烯基环己烯(VCH)的两个下游代谢产物,是哺乳动物的卵毒性物质。另外,在环境中可能会发现VCM和VCD是VCH氧化的副产物。最近,我们报道了氧化应激与果蝇VCH的毒性有关。但是,无法确定VCM和VCD在VCH毒性中的个别作用。因此,我们调查了通过饮食暴露5天后果蝇中VCM和VCD(10–1000 µM)的毒性。我们的结果表明,暴露于VCM和VCD的果蝇的DCFH氧化增加,总硫醇含量和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性降低证明了攀爬行为受到损害,抗氧化剂平衡和氧化还原状态受到破坏(p <0.05 )。这些作用伴随着编码蛋白质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1),与海藻样红系衍生的cap-n-collar(CNC)同源性(ECH)相关的蛋白质1(Keap-1)的基因转录的破坏。活化蛋白激酶2(MAPK-2),过氧化氢酶,Cyp18a1,JAFRAC 1(硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶1)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶1(TrxR-1)(p <0.05)。 VCM和VCD抑制了果蝇的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶(δ-ALAD)活性(p <0.05)。确实,在这里,我们证明了果蝇中的亲电子试剂VCM和VCD修饰了不同的靶酶和基因。因此,D。melanogaster为VCM和VCD的毒性提供了进一步的经验教训,表明已报道的VCH毒性可能是由其转化为VCM和VCD介导的。

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