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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>SAHARA J : Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance >Household food security and HIV status in rural and urban communities in the Free State province South Africa
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Household food security and HIV status in rural and urban communities in the Free State province South Africa

机译：南非自由邦省农村和城市社区的家庭粮食安全和艾滋病毒状况

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Higher socioeconomic status impacts profoundly on quality of life. Life-event stressors, such as loss of employment, marital separation/divorce, death of a spouse and food insecurity, have been found to accelerate disease progression among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to determine significant independent sociodemographic and food security factors associated with HIV status in people from rural and urban communities in the Assuring Health for All study, which was undertaken in rural Trompsburg, Philippolis and Springfontein and urban Mangaung, in the Free State Province of South Africa. Sociodemographic and food security factors associated with HIV status were determined in 886 households. Logistic regression with forward selection (p < 0.05) was used to select significant independent factors associated with HIV status. Variables with a p-value of <0.15 were considered for inclusion in the model. Adults 25–64 years of age were eligible to participate. Of the 567 rural participants, 97 (17.1%) were HIV-infected, and 172 (40.6%) of the 424 urban participants. A relatively high percentage of respondents had never attended school, while very few participants in all areas had a tertiary education. The unemployment rate of HIV-infected adults was higher than that of HIV-uninfected adults. A high percentage of respondents in all areas reported running out of money to buy food, with this tendency occurring significantly more among urban HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected respondents. In all areas, a high percentage of HIV-infected respondents relied on a limited number of foods to feed their children, with significantly more HIV-infected urban respondents compared to their uninfected counterparts reporting this. Most participants in all areas had to cut the size of meals, or ate less because there was not enough food in the house or not enough money to buy food. During periods of food shortage, more than 50% of respondents in all areas asked family, relatives or neighbours for assistance with money and/or food, which occurred at a higher percentage of HIV-infected rural participants compared to HIV-uninfected rural participants. More than half of all participants reported feeling sad, blue or depressed for two weeks or more in a row. HIV infection was negatively associated with being married (odds ratio 0.20 in rural areas and 0.54 in urban areas), while church membership decreased the likelihood of HIV (odds ratio 0.22 in rural areas and 0.46 in urban areas). Indicators of higher socioeconomic status (having a microwave oven and access to vegetables from local farmers or shops) decreased the likelihood of HIV in rural areas (odds ratios 0.15 and 0.43, respectively). Indicators of lower socioeconomic status such as spending less money on food in the rural sample (odds ratio 3.29) and experiencing periods of food shortages in the urban sample (odds ratio 2.14), increased the likelihood of being HIV-infected. Interventions aimed at poverty alleviation and strengthening values can contribute to addressing HIV infection in South Africa.
机译：较高的社会经济地位对生活质量产生深远影响。人们发现，生活中的压力因素，例如失业，婚姻分离/离婚，配偶死亡和粮食不安全，会加速人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者的疾病发展。这项研究的目的是在“全民健康保障”研究中确定与农村和城市社区人群的艾滋病毒感染状况相关的重要的独立社会人口统计学和食品安全因素，该研究在特伦斯堡，菲利普波利斯和斯普林方丹的农村地区以及曼冈的城市进行。南非自由州省。在886户家庭中确定了与艾滋病毒感染状况相关的社会人口统计学和食品安全因素。采用正向选择的Logistic回归（p <0.05）来选择与艾滋病毒状况相关的重要独立因素。 p值<0.15的变量被认为包含在模型中。 25-64岁的成年人有资格参加。在567名农村参与者中，有97名（17.1％）感染了艾滋病毒，在424名城市参与者中有172名（40.6％）。相对较高的受访者从未上过学，而在所有领域中只有很少的受过高等教育的人。感染艾滋病毒的成年人的失业率高于未感染艾滋病毒的成年人。在各个领域中，有很大比例的受访者报告说他们已经没有钱购买食物了，这种趋势在城市感染艾滋病毒的受访者中明显多于未感染艾滋病毒的受访者。在所有地区，被艾滋病毒感染的受访者中有很大一部分依靠有限数量的食物来喂养孩子，与之相比，未感染艾滋病毒的城市受访者则要多得多。所有地区的大多数参与者都不得不减少进餐的次数，或者减少进餐的次数，因为房子里没有足够的食物，或者没有足够的钱来购买食物。在粮食短缺期间，所有地区超过50％的受访者要求家人，亲戚或邻居提供金钱和/或食物方面的帮助，与未感染艾滋病毒的农村参与者相比，感染艾滋病毒的农村参与者所占的比例更高。超过一半的参与者表示连续两周或更长时间感到悲伤，忧郁或沮丧。艾滋病毒感染与已婚负相关（农村地区的比值比为0.20，城市地区的比值比为0.22，农村地区为0.24，农村地区为0.56，城市地区为0.54）。社会经济地位较高的指标（有了微波炉，并从当地农民或商店购买蔬菜）降低了农村地区感染艾滋病毒的可能性（比值分别为0.15和0.43）。社会经济地位较低的指标，例如在农村样本中花在食物上的钱更少（比率为3.29）和在城市样本中经历了粮食短缺的时期（比率为2.14），增加了感染艾滋病毒的可能性。旨在减轻贫困和增强价值的干预措施可有助于解决南非的艾滋病毒感染问题。

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