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A Review of Reward Processing and Motivational Impairment in Schizophrenia

机译:精神分裂症的奖励加工和动机障碍研究述评

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摘要

This article reviews and synthesizes research on reward processing in schizophrenia, which has begun to provide important insights into the cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with motivational impairments. Aberrant cortical-striatal interactions may be involved with multiple reward processing abnormalities, including: (1) dopamine-mediated basal ganglia systems that support reinforcement learning and the ability to predict cues that lead to rewarding outcomes; (2) orbitofrontal cortex-driven deficits in generating, updating, and maintaining value representations; (3) aberrant effort-value computations, which may be mediated by disrupted anterior cingulate cortex and midbrain dopamine functioning; and (4) altered activation of the prefrontal cortex, which is important for generating exploratory behaviors in environments where reward outcomes are uncertain. It will be important for psychosocial interventions targeting negative symptoms to account for abnormalities in each of these reward processes, which may also have important interactions; suggestions for novel behavioral intervention strategies that make use of external cues, reinforcers, and mobile technology are discussed.
机译:本文回顾并综合了对精神分裂症奖励处理的研究,该研究已开始提供与动机障碍相关的认知和神经机制的重要见解。异常的皮质-纹状体相互作用可能涉及多种奖励处理异常,包括:(1)多巴胺介导的基底神经节系统,支持强化学习和预测导致奖励结果的线索的能力; (2)眶额皮质驱动的缺陷在生成,更新和维护值表示中的缺陷; (3)异常的努力值计算,可能是由前扣带回皮层和中脑多巴胺功能中断所介导的; (4)改变前额叶皮层的激活,这对于在奖励结果不确定的环境中产生探索行为很重要。对于以消极症状为目标的社会心理干预措施,应对这些奖励过程中的每个异常过程都非常重要,这些过程也可能具有重要的相互作用;讨论了有关使用外部提示,加固和移动技术的新型行为干预策略的建议。

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