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Modeling of Nitrogen Dynamics in an Austrian Alpine Forest Ecosystem on Calcareous Soils: A Scenario-Based Risk Assessment under Changing Environmental Conditions

机译:石灰性土壤上奥地利高山森林生态系统中氮动态的建模:环境条件变化下基于场景的风险评估

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摘要

We modeled the behavior of an Austrian alpine forest ecosystem on calcareous soils under changing climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition scenarios. The change of nitrate leaching, emission rates of nitrogen compounds, and forest productivity were calculated using four process-oriented models for the periods 1998–2002 and 2048–2052. Each model reflects with high detail a segment of the ecosystem: PnET-N-DNDC (photosynthesis-evapotranspiration-nitrification-denitrification-decomposition; shortterm nitrogen cycling), BROOK90 (water balance for small and homogenous forest watersheds), HYDRUS (water flux in complex and heterogenous soils), and PICUS v1.3 (forest productivity). The nitrogen balance model (NBM) combines the individual results into a comprehensive picture and extends the specific values beyond the limits of the individual models. The evaluation of the findings was outlined with TRACE, a model enabling a long-term prognosis of nitrogen cycling in annual time steps.Temperature increase and nitrogen input are influenced by various components and processes of the forest ecosystem. An increase of the temperature of 2.5°C led to an enhancement of the N2O emission rates and affected the mineralization and the nitrification rates with the consequence of increased nitrate leaching into the subsoil. Enhanced nitrogen input also showed notable effects on nitrate leaching.
机译:我们在变化的气候和大气氮沉积情景下,对石灰岩土壤上奥地利高山森林生态系统的行为进行了建模。使用四个面向过程的模型(1998-2002年和2048-2052年)计算了硝酸盐淋失,氮化合物的排放速率和森林生产力的变化。每个模型都非常详细地反映了生态系统的一部分:PnET-N-DNDC(光合作用-蒸散-硝化-反硝化-分解;短期氮循环),BROOK90(小而均匀的森林流域的水平衡),HYDRUS(水的通量)复杂和异质的土壤)和PICUS v1.3(森林生产力)。氮平衡模型(NBM)将各个结果组合成一幅完整的图片,并将特定值扩展到各个模型的范围之外。利用TRACE概述了对结果的评估,该模型可以长期预测氮循环的年度变化,温度升高和氮输入受森林生态系统的各个组成部分和过程影响。温度升高2.5°C会导致N2O排放速率增加,并影响矿化和硝化速率,其结果是硝酸盐渗入地下的速率增加。增加的氮输入量也显示出对硝酸盐浸出的显着影响。

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