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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Scientific World Journal >The Effect of Stand Age on Throughfall Chemistry in Spruce Stands in the Potok Dupniański Catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mountains Southern Poland
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The Effect of Stand Age on Throughfall Chemistry in Spruce Stands in the Potok Dupniański Catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mountains Southern Poland

机译：波兰南部西里西亚Beskid山区PotokDupniański集水区云杉林中林分年龄对穿透化学的影响

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The chemical composition of throughfall depends on the age of the Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) stands and season of the year. The pH of throughfall decreased and the amount of hydrogen ion in throughfall deposited to the soil increased with increasing age of spruce stands, especially in the winter season. Concentrations of K+, H+, SO42−, Mn2+, and NH4+ in throughfall were higher than bulk precipitation for the whole year and K+, H+, and Mn2+ concentrations were higher in throughfall in winter and the growing season. This indicates that these ions were washed out or washed from the surface of needles and/or the bark, and that NO3−, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ were absorbed in the canopy. The effect of high nitrogen deposition, above critical loads, and an increase in the amount of sulfur and in the sum of the strong acids (S-SO42− and N-NO3−) that reached the soil with throughfall may have implications for the vitality of spruce stands, especially in older age classes. The application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has led to identification of five factors responsible for the data structure (“mineral dust”, “acidic emissions”, “heavy metals-dust particles”, “ammonium [NH4+]”, and “H+”). They explain more than 60% of the total variance system. The strong positive correlation between stand age class and ionic concentrations in throughfall occurs for all year and the winter period for ions within the following categories: “acidic emissions”, SO42− + NO3−; “heavy metals-dust particles”, Fe2+ + Mn2+ + Zn2+; “mineral dust”, Na+ + K+ + Ca+2 + Mg2+; “NH4+”; and “H+”. The strength of the relationship decreases in the growing period, probably due to processes occurring in the canopy (adsorption, leaching, etc.).
机译：穿透的化学成分取决于挪威云杉（Picea abies Karst）林分的年龄和一年中的季节。随着云杉林龄的增加，穿透性土壤的pH降低，穿透性土壤中沉积到土壤中的氢离子增加，尤其是在冬季。 K + ，H + ，SO4 2-，Mn 2 + 和NH 4的浓度全年降水量中的+ 高于整体降水量，K + ，H + 和Mn 2 + 的浓度分别为冬季和生长季节的穿透率较高。这表明这些离子已从针和/或树皮表面洗掉或洗掉，并且NO3 -，NH 4 + ，Ca 2+ ，Mg 2 + ，Fe 2 + 和Zn 2 + 被吸收到冠层中。高氮沉积，超过临界负荷以及硫含量和强酸总和（S-SO4 2-和N-NO3 -）以穿透的方式到达土壤，可能会对云杉林的生命力产生影响，尤其是在老年人群中。主成分分析（PCA）的应用导致识别出构成数据结构的五个因素（“矿尘”，“酸性排放物”，“重金属-尘埃颗粒”，“铵[NH4 + ]”和“ H + ”）。他们解释了总方差系统的60％以上。在以下类别中，常年和冬季贯穿时期的林分年龄类别与离子浓度之间存在很强的正相关关系：“酸性排放”，SO4 2- + NO3 -< / sup>; “重金属粉尘颗粒”，Fe 2 + + Mn 2 + + Zn 2 + ； “矿尘”，Na + + K + + Ca +2 + Mg 2 + ； “ NH4 + ”；和“ H + ”。这种关系的强度在生长期中会降低，这可能是由于冠层中发生的过程（吸附，浸出等）所致。

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