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Integral Images: Efficient Algorithms for Their Computation and Storage in Resource-Constrained Embedded Vision Systems

机译:积分图像:在资源受限的嵌入式视觉系统中进行有效计算和存储的算法

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摘要

The integral image, an intermediate image representation, has found extensive use in multi-scale local feature detection algorithms, such as Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF), allowing fast computation of rectangular features at constant speed, independent of filter size. For resource-constrained real-time embedded vision systems, computation and storage of integral image presents several design challenges due to strict timing and hardware limitations. Although calculation of the integral image only consists of simple addition operations, the total number of operations is large owing to the generally large size of image data. Recursive equations allow substantial decrease in the number of operations but require calculation in a serial fashion. This paper presents two new hardware algorithms that are based on the decomposition of these recursive equations, allowing calculation of up to four integral image values in a row-parallel way without significantly increasing the number of operations. An efficient design strategy is also proposed for a parallel integral image computation unit to reduce the size of the required internal memory (nearly 35% for common HD video). Addressing the storage problem of integral image in embedded vision systems, the paper presents two algorithms which allow substantial decrease (at least 44.44%) in the memory requirements. Finally, the paper provides a case study that highlights the utility of the proposed architectures in embedded vision systems.
机译:积分图像是一种中间图像表示形式,已广泛用于多尺度局部特征检测算法中,例如加速鲁棒特征(SURF),从而可以恒定速度快速计算矩形特征,而与滤镜大小无关。对于资源受限的实时嵌入式视觉系统,由于严格的时序和硬件限制,积分图像的计算和存储提出了一些设计挑战。尽管积分图像的计算仅由简单的加法运算组成,但是由于图像数据通常较大,因此运算的总数很大。递归方程允许大量减少操作,但需要以串行方式进行计算。本文提出了两种基于这些递归方程分解的新硬件算法,允许在不显着增加运算数量的情况下,以行并行方式计算多达四个积分图像值。还提出了一种有效的设计策略,用于并行积分图像计算单元,以减少所需内部存储器的大小(对于普通的高清视频,大约为35%)。针对嵌入式视觉系统中整体图像的存储问题,本文提出了两种算法,可以大幅减少内存需求(至少44.44%)。最后,本文提供了一个案例研究,突出了所提出的体系结构在嵌入式视觉系统中的实用性。

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