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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Sensors (Basel Switzerland) >Real-Time Early Warning System Design for Pluvial Flash Floods—A Review
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Real-Time Early Warning System Design for Pluvial Flash Floods—A Review

机译：雨洪实时预警系统设计研究述评

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摘要

Pluvial flash floods in urban areas are becoming increasingly frequent due to climate change and human actions, negatively impacting the life, work, production and infrastructure of a population. Pluvial flooding occurs when intense rainfall overflows the limits of urban drainage and water accumulation causes hazardous flash floods. Although flash floods are hard to predict given their rapid formation, Early Warning Systems (EWS) are used to minimize casualties. We performed a systematic review to define the basic structure of an EWS for rain flash floods. The structure of the review is as follows: first, Section 2 describes the most important factors that affect the intensity of pluvial flash floods during rainfall events. Section 3 defines the key elements and actors involved in an effective EWS. Section 4 reviews different EWS architectures for pluvial flash floods implemented worldwide. It was identified that the reviewed projects did not follow guidelines to design early warning systems, neglecting important aspects that must be taken into account in their implementation. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a basic structure for an effective EWS for pluvial flash floods that guarantees the forecasting process and alerts dissemination during rainfall events.
机译：由于气候变化和人类行为，城市地区的雨洪泛滥变得越来越频繁，对人口的生活，工作，生产和基础设施产生了负面影响。当大量降雨溢出城市排水系统的极限，集水造成危险的山洪暴发时，就会发生泛滥。尽管由于洪水泛滥的迅速形成而难以预测，但预警系统（EWS）用于将人员伤亡降至最低。我们进行了系统的审查，以定义雨洪的EWS的基本结构。审查的结构如下：首先，第2节描述了在降雨事件中影响雨洪泛滥强度的最重要因素。第3节定义了有效EWS中涉及的关键要素和参与者。第4节回顾了在全球范围内实施的针对雨洪的不同EWS体系结构。可以确定，审查后的项目没有遵循设计预警系统的指导原则，而忽略了在实施中必须考虑的重要方面。因此，该手稿提出了一种有效的雨洪洪水预警系统的基本结构，该结构可确保预报过程并在降雨事件发生时发出警报。

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