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Preload Monitoring of Bolted L-Shaped Lap Joints Using Virtual Time Reversal Method

机译：使用虚拟时间反转方法对螺栓L形搭接接头的预载荷进行监控

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摘要

L-shaped bolt lap joints are commonly used in aerospace and civil structures. However, bolt joints are frequently subjected to loosening, and this has a significant effect on the safety and reliability of these structures. Therefore, bolt preload monitoring is very important, especially at the early stage of loosening. In this paper, a virtual time reversal guided wave method is presented to monitor preload of bolted L-shaped lap joints accurately and simply. In this method, a referenced reemitting signal (RRS) is extracted from the bolted structure in fully tightened condition. Then the RRS is utilized as the excitation signal for the bolted structure in loosening states, and the normalized peak amplitude of refocused wave packet is used as the tightness index (TIA). The proposed method is experimentally validated by L-shaped bolt joints with single and multiple bolts. Moreover, the selections of guided wave frequency and tightness index are also discussed. The results demonstrate that the relationship between TIA and bolt preload is linear. The detection sensitivity is improved significantly compared with time reversal (TR) method, particularly when bolt loosening is at its embryo stage. The results also show that TR method is an effective method for detection of the number of loosening bolts.
机译：L型螺栓搭接接头通常用于航空航天和民用建筑。但是，螺栓接头经常会松动，这对这些结构的安全性和可靠性具有重大影响。因此，螺栓预紧力监控非常重要，尤其是在松动的初期。本文提出了一种虚拟的时间反转导波方法，以精确，简单的方式监测L型搭接的预紧力。在此方法中，在完全拧紧的状态下从螺栓连接的结构中提取参考的发射信号（RRS）。然后，将RRS用作处于松散状态的螺栓连接结构的激励信号，并将重新聚焦波包的归一化峰值幅度用作密封性指数（TIA）。所提出的方法已通过带有单螺栓和多螺栓的L形螺栓接头进行了实验验证。此外，还讨论了导波频率和密封性指标的选择。结果表明，TIA与螺栓预紧力之间的关系是线性的。与时间逆转（TR）方法相比，检测灵敏度得到了显着提高，尤其是在螺栓松动处于其胚胎阶段时。结果还表明，TR方法是检测松动螺栓数量的有效方法。

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