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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE >Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

机译：胎儿超声心动图和脉冲多普勒超声对宫内节育器兔的模型

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Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Increasingly, these imaging modalities are being employed clinically to examine cardiac function and assess wellbeing in utero, thereby guiding timing of birth decisions. Here, we used a rabbit model of IUGR that allows analysis of cardiac function in a clinically relevant way. Using isoflurane induced anesthesia, IUGR is surgically created at gestational age day 25 by performing a laparotomy, exposing the bicornuate uterus and then ligating 40-50% of uteroplacental vessels supplying each gestational sac in a single uterine horn. The other horn in the rabbit bicornuate uterus serves as internal control fetuses. Then, after recovery at gestational age day 30 (full term), the same rabbit undergoes examination of fetal cardiac function. Anesthesia is induced with ketamine and xylazine intramuscularly, then maintained by a continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine and xylazine to minimize iatrogenic effects on fetal cardiac function. A repeat laparotomy is performed to expose each gestational sac and a microultrasound examination (VisualSonics VEVO 2100) of fetal cardiac function is performed. Placental insufficiency is evident by a raised pulsatility index or an absent or reversed end diastolic flow of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform. The ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery Doppler is then examined. Fetal echocardiography is performed by recording B mode, M mode and flow velocity waveforms in lateral and apical views. Offline calculations determine standard M-mode cardiac variables, tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, speckle tracking and strain analysis, modified myocardial performance index and vascular flow velocity waveforms of interest. This small animal model of IUGR therefore affords examination of in utero cardiac function that is consistent with current clinical practice and is therefore useful in a translational research setting.
机译：胎儿宫内生长受限（IUGR）导致心脏功能异常，这是由于胎盘素多普勒超声检查和胎儿超声心动图检查的进展而引起的。这些成像方式越来越多地在临床上用于检查心脏功能并评估子宫内的健康状况，从而指导分娩时机。在这里，我们使用了IUGR兔模型，该模型允许以临床相关方式分析心脏功能。使用异氟烷诱导的麻醉，在胎龄25天时通过剖腹手术，暴露双角子宫，然后在单个子宫角内结扎40-50％的供应每个胎囊的子宫胎盘血管，来通过手术创建IUGR。兔子双角子宫中的另一个角用作内部控制胎儿。然后，在胎龄30天（足月）恢复后，对同一只兔子进行胎儿心脏功能检查。氯胺酮和甲苯噻嗪通过肌肉诱导麻醉，然后通过连续静脉内输注氯胺酮和甲苯噻嗪来维持麻醉，以最小化对胎儿心脏功能的医源性影响。进行重复剖腹术以暴露每个妊娠囊，并进行胎儿心脏功能的微超声检查（VisualSonics VEVO 2100）。胎盘功能不全可通过脉搏指数升高或脐动脉多普勒波形舒张末期血流不存在或反向来明显体现。然后检查导管静脉和大脑中动脉多普勒。通过在侧视图和顶视图中记录B模式，M模式和流速波形来执行胎儿超声心动图。离线计算可确定标准的M型心脏变量，三尖瓣和二尖瓣环平面收缩期偏移，斑点跟踪和应变分析，修改后的心肌性能指标以及感兴趣的血管流速波形。因此，这种IUGR小动物模型可以检查子宫内心脏功能，与当前的临床实践一致，因此可用于翻译研究。

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