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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE >A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

机译：研究干扰和干扰对工作记忆的干扰的认知范式

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Goal-directed behavior is often impaired by interference from the external environment, either in the form of distraction by irrelevant information that one attempts to ignore, or by interrupting information that demands attention as part of another (secondary) task goal. Both forms of external interference have been shown to detrimentally impact the ability to maintain information in working memory (WM). Emerging evidence suggests that these different types of external interference exert different effects on behavior and may be mediated by distinct neural mechanisms. Better characterizing the distinct neuro-behavioral impact of irrelevant distractions versus attended interruptions is essential for advancing an understanding of top-down attention, resolution of external interference, and how these abilities become degraded in healthy aging and in neuropsychiatric conditions. This manuscript describes a novel cognitive paradigm developed the Gazzaley lab that has now been modified into several distinct versions used to elucidate behavioral and neural correlates of interference, by to-be-ignored distractors versus to-be-attended interruptors. Details are provided on variants of this paradigm for investigating interference in visual and auditory modalities, at multiple levels of stimulus complexity, and with experimental timing optimized for electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. In addition, data from younger and older adult participants obtained using this paradigm is reviewed and discussed in the context of its relationship with the broader literatures on external interference and age-related neuro-behavioral changes in resolving interference in working memory.
机译：目标导向的行为通常会受到来自外部环境的干扰的损害，或者以一种分散注意力的形式被一个人试图忽略的不相关信息分散，或者通过中断需要注意的信息作为另一（次要）任务目标的一部分而受到干扰。两种形式的外部干扰都已显示出有害地影响在工作内存（WM）中维护信息的能力。新兴证据表明，这些不同类型的外部干扰会对行为产生不同的影响，并且可能由不同的神经机制介导。更好地表征无关紧要的干扰对人为干扰的明显神经行为影响，对于增进对自上而下的注意，外部干扰的解决以及在健康的衰老和神经精神疾病中这些能力如何退化的理解至关重要。该手稿描述了由Gazzaley实验室开发的一种新颖的认知范例，该范例现已被修改为几个不同的版本，用于通过被忽略的干扰因素与被关注的干扰因素来阐明干扰的行为和神经相关性。提供了此范例的变体的详细信息，用于研究视觉和听觉模式中的干扰，多种刺激复杂性水平以及针对脑电图（EEG）或功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究优化的实验时间。此外，使用该范式从年轻和较年长的参与者中获得的数据将在其与广泛的文献之间的关系的背景下进行回顾和讨论，这些文献涉及解决工作记忆中的外部干扰和年龄相关的神经行为变化。

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