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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Toxicology Reports >Prevalence of aflatoxin ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in cereal grains in northern Uganda: Implication for food safety and health
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Prevalence of aflatoxin ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in cereal grains in northern Uganda: Implication for food safety and health

机译：乌干达北部谷物中黄曲霉毒素曲霉毒素和脱氧雪腐烯醇的流行：对食品安全和健康的影响

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class="kwd-title">Keywords: Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, Deoxynivalenol, Food grains, Food safety, Uganda class="head no_bottom_margin" id="abs0015title">AbstractMycotoxin contamination of cereals is a significant health risk for humans and animals, particularly in developing countries. To gain insight into food safety related to agricultural practices, we assessed levels of mycotoxin contamination in 105 samples of food grains raised and stored for consumption by rural households in the post-conflict districts of Kitgum and Lamwo in Northern Uganda. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination was assessed by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total aflatoxin in the foods analyzed varied from nd (not detected) to 68.2 μg/Kg. Ochratoxin ranged from 0.1 to 16.4 μg/Kg. DON ranged from nd to 2606 μg/Kg. The mean concentration of total aflatoxins was significantly higher (P = 0.002) in sorghum than in millet, maize and sesame seeds. Frequency of co-occurrence of two mycotoxins ranged from 8.3 to 100%, with the highest being aflatoxin and ochratoxin in sorghum. Co-occurrence of all three mycotoxins ranged from 8.3 to 35.3%, with the highest again being in sorghum. Mean levels of aflatoxins concentration in sorghum samples were 11.8 μg/Kg, exceeding the Ugandan national regulatory limits of 10 μg/Kg. Furthermore, 46.5% of the sorghum consumed in both districts exceeded this limit, and 86.1% of sorghum samples exceeded the European Union (E.U.) maximum tolerable limit of 4 μg/Kg. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Hazard Indices (HI) values were in the range of 1.2 × 10−5–91.521 and 1.3 × 10−7 to 0.0059, respectively. In conclusion, our results provide evidence of high levels of mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence in food grains in Northern Uganda with aflatoxins and ochratoxins at high levels in all the cereal types analyzed. Consumption of cereals cultivated in this region poses no health risk of mycotoxins exposure since HI values obtained were less than 1.
机译：<！-fig ft0-> <！-fig @ position =“ anchor” mode =文章f4-> <！-fig mode =“ anchred” f5-> <！-fig / graphic | fig / alternatives / graphic mode =“ anchored” m1-> class =“ kwd-title”>关键字：黄曲霉毒素，O曲霉毒素，脱氧雪腐酚，食品谷物，食品安全性，乌干达 class =“ head no_bottom_margin” id =“ abs0015title”>摘要谷物的霉菌毒素污染对人类和动物特别是在发展中国家的人类和动物具有重大健康风险。为了深入了解与农业实践相关的食品安全，我们评估了冲突后乌干达北部地区Kitgum和Lamwo的农村家庭收集和储存供食用的105种粮食谷物中霉菌毒素的污染水平。通过定量酶联免疫吸附试验评估了黄曲霉毒素，ol曲霉毒素和脱氧雪腐酚（DON）的污染。分析食品中的总黄曲霉毒素含量从nd（未检出）到68.2μg/ Kg。 ch曲毒素的范围从0.1到16.4μg/ Kg。 DON的范围从nd到2606μg/ Kg。高粱中总黄曲霉毒素的平均浓度显着高于小米，玉米和芝麻种子（P = 0.002）。两种霉菌毒素的共存频率为8.3％至100％，其中高粱中的黄曲霉毒素和曲霉毒素最高。所有三种霉菌毒素的共存率在8.3％至35.3％之间，其中最高的还是高粱。高粱样品中黄曲霉毒素的平均含量为11.8μg/ Kg，超过了乌干达国家规定的10μg/ Kg的限值。此外，两个地区消耗的高粱中有46.5％超过了该限量，高粱样品中的86.1％超过了欧盟最大容许限量4μg/ Kg。估计每日摄入量（EDI）和危害指数（HI）值分别在1.2×10 −5 –91.521和1.3×10 −7 至0.0059之间。总之，我们的结果提供了证据，表明在所有分析的谷物类型中，乌干达北部食物谷物中高水平的霉菌毒素污染和共存，同时黄曲霉毒素和曲霉毒素含量很高。由于获得的HI值小于1，因此该地区种植的谷物消费量不会对霉菌毒素的暴露造成健康危害。

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