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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Toxins >Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zearalenone-14-Sulfate Zearalenone-14-Glucoside and Zearalenone-16-Glucoside Using Common Fungal Strains
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Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zearalenone-14-Sulfate Zearalenone-14-Glucoside and Zearalenone-16-Glucoside Using Common Fungal Strains

机译：常见的真菌菌株对玉米赤霉烯酮-14-硫酸盐玉米赤霉烯酮-14-葡糖苷和玉米赤霉烯酮-16-葡糖苷的生物合成和表征

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摘要

Zearalenone (ZEN) and its phase II sulfate and glucoside metabolites have been detected in food and feed commodities. After consumption, the conjugates can be hydrolyzed by the human intestinal microbiota leading to liberation of ZEN that implies an underestimation of the true ZEN exposure. To include ZEN conjugates in routine analysis, reliable standards are needed, which are currently not available. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a facilitated biosynthesis of ZEN-14-sulfate, ZEN-14-glucoside and ZEN-16-glucoside. A metabolite screening was conducted by adding ZEN to liquid fungi cultures of known ZEN conjugating Aspergillus and Rhizopus strains. Cultivation conditions and ZEN incubation time were varied. All media samples were analyzed for metabolite formation by HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, a consecutive biosynthesis was developed by using Fusarium graminearum for ZEN biosynthesis with subsequent conjugation of the toxin by utilizing Aspergillus and Rhizopus species. ZEN-14-sulfate (yield: 49%) is exclusively formed by Aspergillus oryzae. ZEN-14-glucoside (yield: 67%) and ZEN-16-glucoside (yield: 39%) are formed by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus, respectively. Purities of ≥73% ZEN-14-sulfate, ≥82% ZEN-14-glucoside and ≥50% ZEN-16-glucoside were obtained by 1H-NMR. In total, under optimized cultivation conditions, fungi can be easily utilized for a targeted and regioselective synthesis of ZEN conjugates.
机译：在食品和饲料商品中检测到玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）及其II期硫酸盐和糖苷代谢物。食用后，缀合物可被人体肠道菌群水解，导致ZEN释放，这暗示了对ZEN实际暴露量的低估。为了在常规分析中包括ZEN共轭物，需要可靠的标准，目前尚无此标准。因此，本研究的目的是开发促进ZEN-14-硫酸盐，ZEN-14-葡萄糖苷和ZEN-16-葡萄糖苷的生物合成。通过向已知的ZEN结合曲霉和根霉菌株的液体真菌培养物中添加ZEN，进行代谢物筛选。培养条件和ZEN孵育时间各不相同。通过HPLC-MS / MS分析所有培养基样品的代谢物形成。另外，通过使用禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）进行ZEN生物合成并随后通过利用曲霉和根霉属物种结合毒素来开发连续的生物合成。 ZEN-14-硫酸盐（产率：49％）仅由米曲霉形成。 ZEN-14-葡糖苷（收率：67％）和ZEN-16-葡糖苷（收率：39％）分别由米根霉（Rhizopus oryzae）和寡根根霉（Rhizopus oligosporus）形成。通过 1 1 H-NMR测得纯度≥73％的ZEN-14-硫酸盐，≥82％的ZEN-14-葡萄糖苷和≥50％的ZEN-16-葡萄糖苷。总之，在优化的培养条件下，真菌可轻松用于ZEN缀合物的靶向和区域选择性合成。

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