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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Virology Journal >Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Chilean Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: emergence of low pathogenic ISAV-HPR0 and re-emergence of virulent ISAV-HPR∆: HPR3 and HPR14
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Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Chilean Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: emergence of low pathogenic ISAV-HPR0 and re-emergence of virulent ISAV-HPR∆: HPR3 and HPR14

机译：智利大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）水产养殖中的传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒（ISAV）：低致病性ISAV-HPR0的出现和有毒ISAV-HPR∆：HPR3和HPR14的重新出现

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AbstactInfectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a serious disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by ISA virus (ISAV), which belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae. ISA is caused by virulent ISAV strains with deletions in a highly polymorphic region (HPR) of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein (designated virulent ISAV-HPR∆). This study shows the historic dynamics of ISAV-HPR∆ and ISAV-HPR0 in Chile, the genetic relationship among ISAV-HPR0 reported worldwide and between ISAV-HPR0 and ISAV-HPR∆ in Chile, and reports the 2013 ISA outbreak in Chile. The first ISA outbreak in Chile occurred from mid-June 2007 to 2010 and involved the virulent ISAV-HPR7b, which was then replaced by a low pathogenic ISAV-HPR0 variant. We analyzed this variant in 66 laboratory-confirmed ISAV-HPR0 cases in Chile in comparison to virulent ISAV-HPR∆ that caused two new ISA outbreaks in April 2013. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis of HE sequences from all ISAV-HPR0 viruses allowed us to identify three genomic clusters, which correlated with three residue patterns of ISAV-HPR0 (360PST362, 360PAN362 and 360PAT362) in HPR. The virus responsible for the 2013 ISAV-HPR∆ cases in Chile belonged to ISAV-HPR3 and ISAV-HPR14, and in phylogenetic analyses, both clustered with the ISAV-HPR0 found in Chile. The ISAV-HPR14 had the ISAV-HPR0 residue pattern 360PAT362, which is the only type of ISAV-HPR0 variant found in Chile. This suggested to us that the 2013 ISAV-HPR∆ re-emerged from ISAV-HPR0 that is enzootic in Chilean salmon aquaculture and were not new introductions of virulent ISAV-HPR∆ to Chile. The clinical presentations and diagnostic evidence of the 2013 ISA cases indicated a mixed infection of ISAV with the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi and the bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis, which underscores the need for active ISAV surveillance in areas where ISAV-HPR0 is enzootic, to ensure early detection and control of new ISA outbreaks, as it is considered a risk factor. This is the first report of ISA linked directly to the presence of ISAV-HPR0, and provides strong evidence supporting the contention that ISAV-HPR0 shows a strong relationship to virulent ISAV-HPR∆ viruses and the possibility that it could mutate to virulent ISAV-HPR∆.
机译：传染性鲑鱼贫血（ISA）是由ISA病毒属Orthomyxoviridae属的ISA病毒（ISAV）引起的一种海洋养殖大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）的严重疾病。 ISA是由有毒的ISAV菌株引起的，该菌株在血凝素酯酶（HE）蛋白（称为有毒的ISAV-HPR∆）的高度多态性区域（HPR）中缺失。这项研究显示了智利的ISAV-HPR∆和ISAV-HPR0的历史动态，全世界报道的ISAV-HPR0之间的遗传关系以及智利的ISAV-HPR0和ISAV-HPR∆之间的遗传关系，并报道了2013年智利的ISA爆发。智利的首例ISA爆发发生于2007年6月中至2010年，涉及有毒的ISAV-HPR7b，然后被低致病性的ISAV-HPR0变种所取代。与2013年4月导致两次新的ISA爆发的强毒ISAV-HPR∆相比，我们在智利的66例实验室确认的ISAV-HPR0病例中分析了此变异体。对所有ISAV-HPR0病毒的HE序列进行了多重比对和系统发育分析，鉴定三个与ISAV-HPR0的三个残基模式相关的基因组簇（ 360 PST 362 ， 360 PAN 362 和 360 PAT 362 ）。在智利，负责2013年ISAV-HPR∆病例的病毒属于ISAV-HPR3和ISAV-HPR14，并且在系统发育分析中，都与在智利发现的ISAV-HPR0聚在一起。 ISAV-HPR14具有ISAV-HPR0残基模式 360 PAT 362 ，这是智利发现的唯一ISAV-HPR0变体类型。这向我们表明，2013年ISAV-HPR∆从ISAV-HPR0重新出现，而ISAV-HPR0在智利鲑鱼养殖中具有动物源性，并且不是向智利新引入的有毒ISAV-HPR∆。 2013年ISA病例的临床表现和诊断证据表明，ISAV与体外寄生虫Caliger rogercresseyi和沙门氏菌混合感染，这突出表明需要对ISAV-HPR0发生动物感染的地区进行有效的ISAV监测，以确保及早发现和控制新的ISA爆发，因为它被认为是一个危险因素。这是ISA与ISAV-HPR0的存在直接相关的第一份报告，并提供了有力的证据支持以下观点：ISAV-HPR0与强毒的ISAV-HPR∆病毒有很强的关系，并且有可能变异为有毒的ISAV- HPR∆。

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