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Diagnostic survey of Malagasy Nesomyrmex species-groups and revision of hafahafa group species via morphology based cluster delimitation protocol

机译：马达加斯加Nesomyrmex物种组的诊断调查和通过基于形态学的聚类定界方案对哈法哈法族物种的修订

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摘要

Madagascar and its surrounding islands are among the world’s greatest biodiversity hotspots, harboring predominantly endemic and threatened communities meriting special attention from biodiversity scientists. Building on the considerable efforts in recent years to inventory the Malagasy ant fauna, the myrmicine genus Nesomyrmex is reviewed and (1) subdivided into four major groups based on salient morphological features corroborated by numeric morphology: angulatus-, hafahafa-, madecassus- and sikorai-groups, and (2) the hafahafa species-group endemic to Madagascar is revised. Diversity within hafahafa species-group was assessed via hypothesis-free nest-centroid-clustering combined with gap statistic to assess the number of clusters and to determine the most probable boundaries between them. This combination of methods provides a highly automatized, objective species delineation protocol based on continuous morphometric data. Delimitations of clusters recognized by these exploratory analyses were tested via confirmatory Linear Discriminant Analysis. These results suggest the existence of four morphologically distinct species, Nesomyrmex capricornis >sp. n., Nesomyrmex hafahafa >sp. n., Nesomyrmex medusus >sp. n. and Nesomyrmex spinosus >sp. n.; all are described and an identification key for their worker castes using morphometric data is provided. Two members of the newly outlined hafahafa species-group, Nesomyrmex hafahafa >sp. n., Nesomyrmex medusus >sp. n., are distributed along the southeastern coast Madagascar and occupy rather large ranges, but two other species, Nesomyrmex capricornis >sp. n. and Nesomyrmex spinosus >sp. n., are only known to occur in small and isolated forest, highlighting the importance of small forest patches for conserving arthropod diversity.
机译：马达加斯加及其周围的岛屿是世界上最大的生物多样性热点地区，主要是地方病和受威胁的社区，值得生物多样性科学家给予特别关注。在近年来的大量工作中，对马达加斯加人的蚂蚁动物进行清点，对Nesomyrmex属进行了审查，并（1）根据数字形态所证实的显着形态特征将其分为四个主要类别：Angulatus-，hafahafa-，madecassus-和sikorai组和（2）修改了马达加斯加特有的 hafahafa 物种组。 hafahafa 物种组内的多样性是通过无假设的 nest-质心聚类结合缺口统计来评估聚类的数量并确定它们之间最可能的边界。这种方法的组合提供了基于连续形态计量数据的高度自动化的客观物种描绘方案。通过探索性线性判别分析测试了这些探索性分析所​​识别的聚类的界限。这些结果表明存在四种形态上不同的物种， Nesomyrmex capricornis > sp。 n。， Nesomyrmex 哈法哈法 > sp。 n。， Nesomyrmex medusus > sp。 n。和 Nesomyrmex spinosus > sp。 n。;描述了所有内容，并提供了使用形态计量学数据的工人姓氏的识别码。新概述的 hafahafa 物种组的两个成员， Nesomyrmex hafahafa 。 n。， Nesomyrmex medusus > sp。 n。，分布在马达加斯加东南沿海，并占据相当大的范围，但另外两个物种， Nesomyrmex capricornis > sp。 n。和 Nesomyrmex spinosus > sp。 n。仅在小而孤立的森林中发生，这突出了小片森林对于保护节肢动物多样性的重要性。

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