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Genome-assisted Breeding For Drought Resistance

机译：基因组辅助抗旱育种

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Drought stress caused by unpredictable precipitation poses a major threat to food production worldwide, and its impact is only expected to increase with the further onset of climate change. Understanding the effect of drought stress on crops and plants' response is critical for developing improved varieties with stable high yield to fill a growing food gap from an increasing population depending on decreasing land and water resources. When a plant encounters drought stress, it may use multiple response types, depending on environmental conditions, drought stress intensity and duration, and the physiological stage of the plant. Drought stress responses can be divided into four broad types: drought escape, drought avoidance, drought tolerance, and drought recovery, each characterized by interacting mechanisms, which may together be referred to as drought resistance mechanisms. The complex nature of drought resistance requires a multi-pronged approach to breed new varieties with stable and enhanced yield under drought stress conditions. High throughput genomics and phenomics allow marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS), which offer rapid and targeted improvement of populations and identification of parents for rapid genetic gains and improved drought-resistant varieties. Using these approaches together with appropriate genetic diversity, databases, analytical tools, and well-characterized drought stress scenarios, weather and soil data, new varieties with improved drought resistance corresponding to grower preferences can be introduced into target regions rapidly.
机译：不可预测的降水造成的干旱压力对全世界的粮食生产构成重大威胁，预计其影响只会随着气候变化的进一步发作而增加。了解干旱胁迫对农作物和植物响应的影响，对于开发具有稳定高产的改良品种，以填补因土地和水资源减少而增加的人口所造成的日益增长的粮食缺口至关重要。当植物遇到干旱胁迫时，它可能会使用多种响应类型，具体取决于环境条件，干旱胁迫强度和持续时间以及植物的生理阶段。干旱胁迫响应可分为四大类：干旱逃避，干旱避免，干旱耐受性和干旱恢复，每种类型都具有相互作用的机制，这些机制可以一起称为抗旱机制。抗旱性的复杂性要求采取多管齐下的方法来育种新品种，在干旱胁迫条件下稳定并提高产量。高通量的基因组学和表观基因组学允许进行标记辅助选择（MAS）和基因组选择（GS），这可以快速有针对性地改善种群并鉴定亲本以获得快速的遗传收获和改良的抗旱品种。通过将这些方法与适当的遗传多样性，数据库，分析工具以及特征明确的干旱胁迫情况，天气和土壤数据一起使用，可以将对应于种植者偏好的具有更好抗旱性的新品种迅速引入目标地区。

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